fusionbibs.bib
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@COMMENT{{The file containts ABBREVIATED versions for abbreviations commonly
used in publishers and journal names. It has to be included in
your \bibliography... list first. File has to be used in
conjoint with abb-full.bib which containts full versions
of the same names, so it must be of the same length as this one}}
@COMMENT{{******** Publishers ********}}
@COMMENT{{**** Wouldn't it be nice if the publisher's address ****
**** could get put into entries automatically? ****}}
@COMMENT{{******** Misc ********}}
@COMMENT{{******** Journals ********}}
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@COMMENT{{******** Items ********}}
@COMMENT{{**** Conference Names ****}}
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@COMMENT{{The bibliography was collected to contain papers relevant for the
methods of multimodal brain imaging. References herein were
originally used in HHP05. I hope you find the bibliography
useful and I would greatly appreciate any comments/suggestions
-- Yaroslav Halchenko
yoh(a)onerussian.com
}}
@COMMENT{{**** Entries ****}}
@COMMENT{{This file has been generated by Pybliographer}}
@PREAMBLE{{\newcommand{\noopsort}[1]{} }}
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@ARTICLE{AB02,
author = {Arthurs, O. J. and Boniface, S.},
title = {How well do we understand the neural origins of the
f{MRI} {BOLD} signal?},
journal = {Trends Neurosci},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {27-31},
abstract = {The successful use of functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) as a way of visualizing cortical
function depends largely on the important relationships
between the signal observed and the underlying neuronal
activity that it is believed to represent. Currently, a
relatively direct correlation seems to be favoured
between fMRI signals and population synaptic activity
(including inhibitory and excitatory activity), with a
secondary and potentially more variable correlation
with cellular action potentials.},
authoraddress = {Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge,
Box 65, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, CB2 2QQ,
Cambridge, UK.},
keywords = {Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Cerebral
Cortex/*physiology ; Cerebrovascular
Circulation/*physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic
Potentials/physiology ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ;
Neurons/*physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
Synaptic Transmission/*physiology},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {S0166223600019950 [pii]},
medline-da = {20020121},
medline-dcom = {20020227},
medline-edat = {2002/01/22 10:00},
medline-ein = {Trends Neurosci 2002 Mar;25(3):169},
medline-fau = {Arthurs, Owen J ; Boniface, Simon},
medline-is = {0166-2236},
medline-jid = {7808616},
medline-lr = {20040116},
medline-mhda = {2002/02/28 10:01},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {England},
medline-pmid = {11801335},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
medline-rf = {36},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Trends Neurosci 2002 Jan;25(1):27-31.},
medline-stat = {completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11801335},
year = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{AB03,
author = {Arthurs, O. J. and Boniface, S. J.},
title = {What aspect of the f{MRI} {BOLD} signal best reflects
the underlying electrophysiology in human somatosensory
cortex?},
journal = {Clin Neurophysiol},
volume = {114},
number = {7},
pages = {1203-1209},
abstract = {The interpretation of task-induced functional imaging
of the brain is critically dependent on understanding
the relationship between observed haemodynamic
responses and the underlying neural changes. However,
the precise nature of this neurovascular coupling
relationship remains unknown. In particular, it is
unclear which measure of functional magnetic resonance
imaging blood oxygen level dependent (fMRI BOLD)
activity is the best correlate of neural activity. We
measured the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP)
amplitude at the scalp, and fMRI BOLD signal to
increases in intensity of contralateral median nerve
electrical stimulation in healthy non-anaesthetised
subjects. We compared correlation analyses between SEP
amplitude and both peak voxel fMRI BOLD percentage
signal change and mean voxel fMRI BOLD percentage
signal change across a somatosensory cluster, and we
also performed a voxel-by-voxel correlation between
fMRI BOLD activity and SEP amplitude. We found that
fMRI BOLD changes in primary somatosensory cortex
correlate significantly with SEP amplitudes, suggesting
a linear neurovascular coupling relationship under the
conditions investigated. We also found that mean
changes across a cluster correlate less well with SEP
amplitude than peak voxel levels. This suggests that
the area of haemodynamic activity correlating with SEP
amplitude is smaller than the entire cluster observed.},
authoraddress = {Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge,
Box 65, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge,
CB2 2QQ, UK.},
keywords = {Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Comparative Study ; Electric
Stimulation ; Electrophysiology/*methods ; Evoked
Potentials, Somatosensory/*physiology ; Female ;
Hemodynamic Processes/physiology ; Human ; *Magnetic
Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nerve Net/physiology ;
Oxygen/metabolism ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {S1388245703000804 [pii]},
medline-da = {20030704},
medline-dcom = {20030820},
medline-edat = {2003/07/05 05:00},
medline-fau = {Arthurs, O J ; Boniface, S J},
medline-is = {1388-2457},
medline-jid = {100883319},
medline-lr = {20031114},
medline-mhda = {2003/08/21 05:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {Netherlands},
medline-pmid = {12842716},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-rn = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Clin Neurophysiol 2003 Jul;114(7):1203-9.},
medline-stat = {completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12842716},
year = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{ABH+04,
author = {Adjamian, P. and Barnes, G. R. and Hillebrand, A. and
Holliday, I. E. and Singh, K. D. and Furlong, P. L. and
Harrington, E. and Barclay, C. W. and Route, P. J.},
title = {Co-registration of magnetoencephalography with
magnetic resonance imaging using bite-bar-based
fiducials and surface-matching},
journal = {Clin Neurophysiol},
volume = {115},
number = {3},
pages = {691-698},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To introduce a new technique for
co-registration of Magnetoencephalography (MEG) with
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We compare the
accuracy of a new bite-bar with fixed fiducials to a
previous technique whereby fiducial coils were attached
proximal to landmarks on the skull. METHODS: A bite-bar
with fixed fiducial coils is used to determine the
position of the head in the MEG co-ordinate system.
Co-registration is performed by a surface-matching
technique. The advantage of fixing the coils is that
the co-ordinate system is not based upon arbitrary and
operator dependent fiducial points that are attached to
landmarks (e.g. nasion and the preauricular points),
but rather on those that are permanently fixed in
relation to the skull. RESULTS: As a consequence of
minimizing coil movement during digitization, errors in
localization of the coils are significantly reduced, as
shown by a randomization test. Displacement of the
bite-bar caused by removal and repositioning between
MEG recordings is minimal ( approximately 0.5 mm), and
dipole localization accuracy of a somatosensory mapping
paradigm shows a repeatability of approximately 5 mm.
The overall accuracy of the new procedure is greatly
improved compared to the previous technique.
CONCLUSIONS: The test-retest reliability and accuracy
of target localization with the new design is superior
to techniques that incorporate anatomical-based
fiducial points or coils placed on the circumference of
the head.},
authoraddress = {The Wellcome Trust Laboratory for MEG Studies,
Neurosciences Research Institute, Aston University,
Birmingham B4 7ET, UK. adjamiap@aston.ac.uk},
keywords = {Brain/anatomy & histology ; Comparative Study ; Data
Collection ; Equipment Design ; Head ; Human ; *Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; *Magnetoencephalography ; Monte Carlo Method
; Posture ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stereotaxic
Techniques/*instrumentation/standards},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {10.1016/j.clinph.2003.10.023 [doi] ; S1388245703003791
[pii]},
medline-da = {20040323},
medline-dcom = {20040407},
medline-edat = {2004/03/24 05:00},
medline-fau = {Adjamian, P ; Barnes, G R ; Hillebrand, A ; Holliday,
I E ; Singh, K D ; Furlong, P L ; Harrington, E ;
Barclay, C W ; Route, P J G},
medline-is = {1388-2457},
medline-jid = {100883319},
medline-mhda = {2004/04/08 05:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-phst = {2003/Oct/20 [accepted]},
medline-pl = {Netherlands},
medline-pmid = {15036065},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Clin Neurophysiol 2004 Mar;115(3):691-8.},
medline-stat = {completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15036065},
year = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{ADS+06,
author = {Anemuller, Jorn and Duann, Jeng-Ren and Sejnowski,
Terrence, J. and Makeig, Scott},
title = {Spatio-temporal dynamics in f{MRI} recordings revealed
with complex independent component analysis},
journal = {Neurocomputing},
volume = {69},
pages = {1502-1512},
abstract = { Independent component analysis (ICA) of functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is commonly
carried out under the assumption that each source may
be represented as a spatially fixed pattern of
activation, which leads to the instantaneous mixing
model. To allow modeling patterns of spatio-temporal
dynamics, in particular, the flow of oxygenated blood,
we have developed a convolutive ICA approach: spatial
complex ICA applied to frequency-domain fMRI data. In
several frequency-bands, we identify components
pertaining to activity in primary visual cortex (V1)
and blood supply vessels. One such component, obtained
in the 0.10 Hz band, is analyzed in detail and found to
likely reflect flow of oxygenated blood in V1.},
medline-jo = {Neurocomputing},
medline-kw = {Complex independent component analysis (complex ICA) ;
Convolution model ; Spatio-temporal dynamics ;
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ;
Hemodynamic response ; Primary visual cortex (VI) ;
Biomedical signal analysis ; Statistical signal
processing},
medline-t1 = {Spatio-temporal dynamics in fMRI recordings revealed
with complex independent component analysis},
medline-ty = {JOUR},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V10-4JXRX2J-1/2/540dffc57cf39b4dd4cfd6a8c14107ac},
medline-vl = {In Press, Corrected Proof},
year = 2006
}
@ARTICLE{AI02,
author = {Attwell, D. and Iadecola, C.},
title = {The neural basis of functional brain imaging signals},
journal = {Trends Neurosci},
volume = {25},
number = {12},
pages = {621-625},
abstract = {The haemodynamic responses to neural activity that
underlie the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal
used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of
the brain are often assumed to be driven by energy use,
particularly in presynaptic terminals or glia. However,
recent work has suggested that most brain energy is
used to power postsynaptic currents and action
potentials rather than presynaptic or glial activity
and, furthermore, that haemodynamic responses are
driven by neurotransmitter-related signalling and not
directly by the local energy needs of the brain. A firm
understanding of the BOLD response will require
investigation to be focussed on the neural signalling
mechanisms controlling blood flow rather than on the
locus of energy use.},
authoraddress = {Dept of Physiology, University College London, Gower
Street, UK. d.attwell@ucl.ac.uk},
keywords = {Action Potentials/physiology ; Astrocytes/physiology ;
Brain/*blood supply/physiology ; Brain Mapping ;
Cerebrovascular Circulation/*physiology ; Energy
Metabolism/*physiology ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Presynaptic
Terminals/physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {S0166223602022646 [pii]},
medline-da = {20021126},
medline-dcom = {20030113},
medline-edat = {2002/11/26 04:00},
medline-fau = {Attwell, David ; Iadecola, Costantino},
medline-is = {0166-2236},
medline-jid = {7808616},
medline-mhda = {2003/01/14 04:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {England},
medline-pmid = {12446129},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
medline-rf = {66},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Trends Neurosci 2002 Dec;25(12):621-5.},
medline-stat = {Completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12446129},
year = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{AJM+04,
author = {Arthurs, O. J. and Johansen-Berg, H. and Matthews, P.
M. and Boniface, S. J.},
title = {Attention differentially modulates the coupling of
f{MRI} {BOLD} and evoked potential signal amplitudes in
the human somatosensory cortex},
journal = {Exp Brain Res},
volume = {157},
number = {3},
pages = {269-274},
abstract = {Blood oxygenation dependent contrast (BOLD) fMRI is
used increasingly to probe "connectivity" based on
temporal correlations between signals from different
brain regions. This approach assumes that there is
constant local coupling of neuronal activity to the
associated BOLD response. Here we test the alternative
hypothesis that there is not a fixed relationship
between these by determining whether attention
modulates apparent neurovascular coupling. Electrical
stimulation of the median nerve was applied with and
without a concurrent distractor task (serial
subtraction). Increasing stimulation intensity
increased discomfort ratings ( p<0.001) and was
associated with a significant increase in both
somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) N20-P25 amplitude
and BOLD fMRI response in the contralateral primary
(SI) and bilaterally in the secondary somatosensory
cortices. Attention to stimulation was reduced during
distractor task performance and resulted in an overall
trend for reduction in discomfort ( p=0.056), which was
significant at the highest stimulation level ( p<0.05).
A volume of interest analysis confined to SI confirmed
a reduction in BOLD response with distraction (
p<0.001). However, distraction did not measurably
affect SEP magnitude. The quantitative relationship
between the BOLD fMRI response and the local field
potential measured by the early SEP response therefore
varies with attentional context. This may be a
consequence of differences in either local spatial or
temporal signal summation for the two methods. Either
interpretation suggests caution in assuming a simple,
fixed relationship between local BOLD changes and
related electrophysiological activity.},
authoraddress = {Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Box 65, Cambridge,
CB2 2QQ, UK.},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {10.1007/s00221-003-1827-4 [doi]},
medline-da = {20040714},
medline-dep = {20040619},
medline-edat = {2004/06/29 05:00},
medline-fau = {Arthurs, O J ; Johansen-Berg, H ; Matthews, P M ;
Boniface, S J},
medline-is = {0014-4819},
medline-jid = {0043312},
medline-mhda = {2004/06/29 05:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-phst = {2003/Apr/08 [received] ; 2003/Dec/02 [accepted] ;
2004/Jun/19 [aheadofprint]},
medline-pl = {Germany},
medline-pmid = {15221172},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Exp Brain Res 2004 Aug;157(3):269-74. Epub 2004 Jun
19.},
medline-stat = {in-process},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15221172},
year = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{AJT00,
author = {Allen, P. J. and Josephs, O. and Turner, R.},
title = {A method for removing imaging artifact from continuous
{EEG} recorded during functional {MRI}},
journal = {NeuroImage},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {230-239},
abstract = {Combined EEG/fMRI recording has been used to localize
the generators of EEG events and to identify subject
state in cognitive studies and is of increasing
interest. However, the large EEG artifacts induced
during fMRI have precluded simultaneous EEG and fMRI
recording, restricting study design. Removing this
artifact is difficult, as it normally exceeds EEG
significantly and contains components in the EEG
frequency range. We have developed a recording system
and an artifact reduction method that reduce this
artifact effectively. The recording system has large
dynamic range to capture both low-amplitude EEG and
large imaging artifact without distortion (resolution 2
microV, range 33.3 mV), 5-kHz sampling, and low-pass
filtering prior to the main gain stage. Imaging
artifact is reduced by subtracting an averaged artifact
waveform, followed by adaptive noise cancellation to
reduce any residual artifact. This method was validated
in recordings from five subjects using periodic and
continuous fMRI sequences. Spectral analysis revealed
differences of only 10 to 18\% between EEG recorded in
the scanner without fMRI and the corrected EEG.
Ninety-nine percent of spike waves (median 74 microV)
added to the recordings were identified in the
corrected EEG compared to 12\% in the uncorrected EEG.
The median noise after artifact reduction was 8 microV.
All these measures indicate that most of the artifact
was removed, with minimal EEG distortion. Using this
recording system and artifact reduction method, we have
demonstrated that simultaneous EEG/fMRI studies are for
the first time possible, extending the scope of
EEG/fMRI studies considerably.},
authoraddress = {Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, National
Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University
College London Hospitals, Queen Square, London, WC1N
3BG, United Kingdom.},
keywords = {Adult ; Algorithms ; *Artifacts ;
Electroencephalography/*methods/statistics & numerical
data ; Female ; Human ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted/*methods/statistics & numerical data
; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods/statistics &
numerical data ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ;
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {10.1006/nimg.2000.0599 [doi] ; S1053811900905998 [pii]},
medline-ci = {Copyright 2000 Academic Press.},
medline-da = {20001011},
medline-dcom = {20001011},
medline-edat = {2000/07/29 11:00},
medline-fau = {Allen, P J ; Josephs, O ; Turner, R},
medline-is = {1053-8119},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-lr = {20001218},
medline-mhda = {2000/10/14 11:01},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {UNITED STATES},
medline-pmid = {10913328},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {NeuroImage 2000 Aug;12(2):230-9.},
medline-stat = {completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10913328},
year = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{AMT+03,
author = {Anami, K. and Mori, T. and Tanaka, F. and Kawagoe, Y.
and Okamoto, J. and Yarita, M. and Ohnishi, T. and
Yumoto, M. and Matsuda, H. and Saitoh, O.},
title = {Stepping stone sampling for retrieving artifact-free
electroencephalogram during functional magnetic
resonance imaging},
journal = {NeuroImage},
volume = {19},
number = {2.1},
pages = {281-295},
abstract = {Ballistocardiogram and imaging artifacts cause major
interference with simultaneous electroencephalogram
(EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
recording. In particular, the large amplitude of the
imaging artifact precludes easy retrieval of EEG
signals during fMRI scanning. Recording with 20,000-Hz
digitization rate combined with 3000-Hz low-pass filter
revealed the real waveform of the imaging artifact, in
which it was elucidated that each artifact peak
precisely corresponded to each gradient component and
actually had differential waveforms of the original
gradient pulses. Based on this finding, to retrieve EEG
signal during fMRI acquisition, a blip-type echo planar
sequence was modified so that EEG sampling might be
performed at every 1000 micros (digitization rate 1000
Hz) exclusively in the period in which the artifact
resided around the baseline level. This method, called
"stepping stone sampling," substantially attenuated the
amplitude of the imaging artifact. The remnant of the
artifact was subtracted from the averaged artifact
waveform. In human studies, alpha activity was
successfully retrieved by inspection, and its
attenuation/augmentation was observed during eyes
open/closed periods. Fast Fourier transform analysis
further revealed that even from DC up to 120 Hz,
retrieved EEG data during scanning had very similar
power distributions to the data retrieved during no
scanning, implying the availability of the
high-frequency band of the retrieved EEG signals,
including even the gamma band.},
authoraddress = {Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital for
Mental, Nervous, and Muscular Disorders, National
Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551,
Japan. anami@ncnpmusashi.gr.jp},
keywords = {Adult ; Alpha Rhythm ; *Artifacts ;
Ballistocardiography/methods ; Brain Mapping/methods ;
Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Echo-Planar
Imaging/methods ; Electroencephalography/*methods ;
Female ; Fourier Analysis ; Human ; Image
Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Magnetic
Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Phantoms, Imaging ;
Reference Values ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {S105381190300048X [pii]},
medline-da = {20030619},
medline-dcom = {20030826},
medline-edat = {2003/06/20 05:00},
medline-fau = {Anami, Kimitaka ; Mori, Takeyuki ; Tanaka, Fumiko ;
Kawagoe, Yusuke ; Okamoto, Jun ; Yarita, Masaru ;
Ohnishi, Takashi ; Yumoto, Masato ; Matsuda, Hiroshi ;
Saitoh, Osamu},
medline-is = {1053-8119},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-mhda = {2003/08/27 05:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {12814579},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {NeuroImage 2003 Jun;19(2 Pt 1):281-95.},
medline-stat = {completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12814579},
year = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{APS+04,
author = {Angelone, L. M. and Potthast, A. and Segonne, F. and
Iwaki, S. and Belliveau, J. W. and Bonmassar, G.},
title = {Metallic electrodes and leads in simultaneous
{EEG}-{MRI}: specific absorption rate ({SAR})
simulation studies},
journal = {Bioelectromagnetics},
volume = {25},
number = {4},
pages = {285-295},
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the
changes in specific absorption rate (SAR) in human-head
tissues while using nonmagnetic metallic
electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes and leads
during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A realistic,
high resolution (1 mm(3)) head model from individual
MRI data was adopted to describe accurately thin
tissues, such as bone marrow and skin. The RF power
dissipated in the human head was evaluated using the
FDTD algorithm. Both surface and bird cage coils were
used. The following numbers of EEG electrodes/leads
were considered: 16, 31, 62, and 124. Simulations were
performed at 128 and 300 MHz. The difference in SAR
between the electrodes/leads and no-electrodes
conditions was greater with the bird cage coil than
with the surface coil. The peak 1 g averaged SAR values
were highest at 124 electrodes, increasing to as much
as two orders of magnitude (x172.3) at 300 MHz compared
to the original value. At 300 MHz, there was a fourfold
(x3.6) increase of SAR averaged over the bone marrow,
and a sevenfold (x7.4) increase in the skin. At 128
MHz, there was a fivefold (x5.6) increase of whole head
SAR. Head models were obtained from two different
subjects, with an inter-subject whole head SAR
variability of 3\%. .},
authoraddress = {MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for
Functional Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129,
USA. angelone@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
keywords = {Adult ; *Electrodes ;
Electroencephalography/*instrumentation ; Human ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*instrumentation ; Male ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {10.1002/bem.10198 [doi]},
medline-ci = {Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
medline-da = {20040428},
medline-dcom = {20040903},
medline-edat = {2004/04/29 05:00},
medline-fau = {Angelone, Leonardo M ; Potthast, Andreas ; Segonne,
Florent ; Iwaki, Sunao ; Belliveau, John W ; Bonmassar,
Giorgio},
medline-is = {0197-8462},
medline-jid = {8008281},
medline-mhda = {2004/09/04 05:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {15114638},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Bioelectromagnetics 2004 May;25(4):285-95.},
medline-stat = {completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15114638},
year = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{AS04,
author = {Ahlfors, S. P. and Simpson, G. V.},
title = {Geometrical interpretation of f{MRI}-guided
{MEG}/{EEG} inverse estimates},
journal = {NeuroImage},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {323-332},
abstract = {Magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) and
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provide
complementary information about the functional
organization of the human brain. An important advantage
of MEG/EEG is the millisecond time resolution in
detecting electrical activity in the cerebral cortex.
The interpretation of MEG/EEG signals, however, is
limited by the difficulty of determining the spatial
distribution of the neural activity. Functional MRI can
help in the MEG/EEG source analysis by suggesting
likely locations of activity. We present a geometric
interpretation of fMRI-guided inverse solutions in
which the MEG/EEG source estimate minimizes a distance
to a subspace defined by the fMRI data. In this
subspace regularization (SSR) approach, the fMRI bias
does not assume preferred amplitudes for MEG/EEG
sources, only locations. Characteristic dependence of
the source estimates on the regularization parameters
is illustrated with simulations. When the fMRI
locations match the true MEG/EEG source locations, they
serve to bias the underdetermined MEG/EEG inverse
solution toward the fMRI loci. Importantly, when the
fMRI loci do not match the true MEG/EEG loci, the
solution is insensitive to those fMRI loci.},
authoraddress = {MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for
Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Mailcode
149-2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
seppo@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.12.044 [doi] ;
S1053811904000199 [pii]},
medline-da = {20040427},
medline-edat = {2004/04/28 05:00},
medline-fau = {Ahlfors, Seppo P ; Simpson, Gregory V},
medline-gr = {DA 09972/DA/NIDA ; MH/DA 52176/MH/NIMH ; NS
27900/NS/NINDS ; P41 RR 14075/RR/NCRR},
medline-is = {1053-8119},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-mhda = {2004/04/28 05:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-phst = {2003/Aug/28 [received] ; 2003/Dec/18 [revised] ;
2003/Dec/23 [accepted]},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {15110022},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {NeuroImage 2004 May;22(1):323-32.},
medline-stat = {in-process},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15110022},
year = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{ASD+99,
author = {Ahlfors, S. P. and Simpson, G. V. and Dale, A. M. and
Belliveau, J. W. and Liu, A. K. and Korvenoja, A. and
Virtanen, J. and Huotilainen, M. and Tootell, R. B. and
Aronen, H. J. and Ilmoniemi, R. J.},
title = {Spatiotemporal activity of a cortical network for
processing visual motion revealed by {MEG} and f{MRI}.},
journal = {J Neurophysiol},
volume = {82},
number = {5},
pages = {2545-2555},
abstract = {A sudden change in the direction of motion is a
particularly salient and relevant feature of visual
information. Extensive research has identified cortical
areas responsive to visual motion and characterized
their sensitivity to different features of motion, such
as directional specificity. However, relatively little
is known about responses to sudden changes in
direction. Electrophysiological data from animals and
functional imaging data from humans suggest a number of
brain areas responsive to motion, presumably working as
a network. Temporal patterns of activity allow the same
network to process information in different ways. The
present study in humans sought to determine which
motion-sensitive areas are involved in processing
changes in the direction of motion and to characterize
the temporal patterns of processing within this network
of brain regions. To accomplish this, we used both
magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI). The fMRI data were used as
supplementary information in the localization of MEG
sources. The change in the direction of visual motion
was found to activate a number of areas, each
displaying a different temporal behavior. The fMRI
revealed motion-related activity in areas MT+ (the
human homologue of monkey middle temporal area and
possibly also other motion sensitive areas next to MT),
a region near the posterior end of the superior
temporal sulcus (pSTS), V3A, and V1/V2. The MEG data
suggested additional frontal sources. An equivalent
dipole model for the generators of MEG signals
indicated activity in MT+, starting at 130 ms and
peaking at 170 ms after the reversal of the direction
of motion, and then again at approximately 260 ms.
Frontal activity began 0-20 ms later than in MT+, and
peaked approximately 180 ms. Both pSTS and FEF+ showed
long-duration activity continuing over the latency
range of 200-400 ms. MEG responses in the region of V3A
and V1/V2 were relatively small, and peaked at longer
latencies than the initial peak in MT+. These data
revealed characteristic patterns of activity in this
cortical network for processing sudden changes in the
direction of visual motion.},
authoraddress = {Dynamic Brain Imaging Laboratory, Departments of
Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.},
keywords = {Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ;
*Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/*methods ; Magnetoencephalography/*methods ;
Male ; Middle Aged ; Motion Perception/*physiology ;
Nerve Net/physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
language = {eng},
medline-da = {19991217},
medline-dcom = {19991217},
medline-edat = {1999/11/24},
medline-fau = {Ahlfors, S P ; Simpson, G V ; Dale, A M ; Belliveau, J
W ; Liu, A K ; Korvenoja, A ; Virtanen, J ;
Huotilainen, M ; Tootell, R B ; Aronen, H J ;
Ilmoniemi, R J},
medline-gr = {MH-DA52176/MH/NIMH ; NS27900/NS/NINDS ;
NS37462/NS/NINDS},
medline-is = {0022-3077},
medline-jid = {0375404},
medline-lr = {20031114},
medline-mhda = {1999/11/24 00:01},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {UNITED STATES},
medline-pmid = {10561425},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM ; S},
medline-so = {J Neurophysiol 1999 Nov;82(5):2545-55.},
medline-stat = {Completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10561425},
year = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{AZD98,
author = {Aguirre, G. K. and Zarahn, E. and D'esposito, M.},
title = {The variability of human, {BOLD} hemodynamic
responses.},
journal = {NeuroImage},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {360-369},
abstract = {Cerebral hemodynamic responses to brief periods of
neural activity are delayed and dispersed in time. The
specific shape of these responses is of some importance
to the design and analysis of blood oxygenation
level-dependent (BOLD), functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) experiments. Using fMRI scanning, we
examine here the characteristics and variability of
hemodynamic responses from the central sulcus in human
subjects during an event-related, simple reaction time
task. Specifically, we determine the contribution of
subject, day, and scanning session (within a day) to
variability in the shape of evoked hemodynamic
response. We find that while there is significant and
substantial variability in the shape of responses
collected across subjects, responses collected during
multiple scans within a single subject are less
variable. The results are discussed in terms of the
impact of response variability upon sensitivity and
specificity of analyses of event-related fMRI designs.},
authoraddress = {Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-4283,
USA.},
keywords = {Adult ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Cerebrovascular
Circulation/*physiology ; Female ; Hemodynamic
Processes/*physiology ; Human ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Oxygen/*blood ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {S105381199890369X [pii]},
medline-ci = {Copyright 1998 Academic Press.},
medline-da = {19990112},
medline-dcom = {19990112},
medline-edat = {1998/11/13},
medline-fau = {Aguirre, G K ; Zarahn, E ; D'esposito, M},
medline-gr = {AG13483/AG/NIA ; NS01762/NS/NINDS},
medline-is = {1053-8119},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-lr = {20031114},
medline-mhda = {1998/11/13 00:01},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {UNITED STATES},
medline-pmid = {9811554},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
medline-rn = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {NeuroImage 1998 Nov;8(4):360-9.},
medline-stat = {Completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9811554},
year = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{BAB+04,
author = {Bagshaw, A. P. and Aghakhani, Y. and Benar, C. G. and
Kobayashi, E. and Hawco, C. and Dubeau, F. and Pike, G.
B. and Gotman, J.},
title = {E{EG}-f{MRI} of focal epileptic spikes: analysis with
multiple haemodynamic functions and comparison with
gadolinium-enhanced {MR} angiograms},
journal = {Hum Brain Mapp},
volume = {22},
number = {3},
pages = {179-192},
abstract = {Combined EEG-fMRI has recently been used to explore
the BOLD responses to interictal epileptiform
discharges. This study examines whether
misspecification of the form of the haemodynamic
response function (HRF) results in significant fMRI
responses being missed in the statistical analysis.
EEG-fMRI data from 31 patients with focal epilepsy were
analysed with four HRFs peaking from 3 to 9 sec after
each interictal event, in addition to a standard HRF
that peaked after 5.4 sec. In four patients, fMRI
responses were correlated with gadolinium-enhanced MR
angiograms and with EEG data from intracranial
electrodes. In an attempt to understand the absence of
BOLD responses in a significant group of patients, the
degree of signal loss occurring as a result of magnetic
field inhomogeneities was compared with the detected
fMRI responses in ten patients with temporal lobe
spikes. Using multiple HRFs resulted in an increased
percentage of data sets with significant fMRI
activations, from 45\% when using the standard HRF
alone, to 62.5\%. The standard HRF was good at
detecting positive BOLD responses, but less appropriate
for negative BOLD responses, the majority of which were
more accurately modelled by an HRF that peaked later
than the standard. Co-registration of statistical maps
with gadolinium-enhanced MRIs suggested that the
detected fMRI responses were not in general related to
large veins. Signal loss in the temporal lobes seemed
to be an important factor in 7 of 12 patients who did
not show fMRI activations with any of the HRFs.},
authoraddress = {Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada. bagshaw@mcgill.ca},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {10.1002/hbm.20024 [doi]},
medline-ci = {Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
medline-da = {20040614},
medline-edat = {2004/06/15 05:00},
medline-fau = {Bagshaw, Andrew P ; Aghakhani, Yahya ; Benar,
Christian-G ; Kobayashi, Eliane ; Hawco, Colin ;
Dubeau, Francois ; Pike, G Bruce ; Gotman, Jean},
medline-is = {1065-9471},
medline-jid = {9419065},
medline-mhda = {2004/06/15 05:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {15195285},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Hum Brain Mapp 2004 Jul;22(3):179-92.},
medline-stat = {in-process},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15195285},
year = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{BAM+99,
author = {Brooks, D. H. and Ahmad, G. F. and MacLeod, R. S. and
Maratos, G. M.},
title = {Inverse electrocardiography by simultaneous imposition
of multiple constraints},
journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
pages = {3-18},
abstract = {We describe two new methods for the inverse problem of
electrocardiography. Both employ regularization with
multiple constraints, rather than the standard
single-constraint regularization. In one method,
multiple constraints on the spatial behavior of the
solution are used simultaneously. In the other, spatial
constraints are used simultaneously with constraints on
the temporal behavior of the solution. The specific
cases of two spatial constraints and one spatial and
one temporal constraint are considered in detail. A new
method, the L-Surface, is presented to guide the choice
of the required pairs of regularization parameters. In
the case when both spatial and temporal regularization
are used simultaneously, there is an increased
computational burden, and two methods are presented to
compute solutions efficiently. The methods are verified
by simulations using both dipole sources and measured
canine epicardial data.},
authoraddress = {Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,
Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
brooks@cdsp.neu.edu},
keywords = {Animals ; Dogs ; Electrocardiography/*methods ;
Mathematics ; *Models, Cardiovascular ; *Signal
Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Support, U.S. Gov't,
Non-P.H.S.},
language = {eng},
medline-da = {19990311},
medline-dcom = {19990311},
medline-edat = {1999/01/27},
medline-fau = {Brooks, D H ; Ahmad, G F ; MacLeod, R S ; Maratos, G M},
medline-is = {0018-9294},
medline-jid = {0012737},
medline-lr = {20031114},
medline-mhda = {1999/01/27 00:01},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {UNITED STATES},
medline-pmid = {9919821},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1999 Jan;46(1):3-18.},
medline-stat = {completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9919821},
year = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{BB02,
author = {Bodurka, J. and Bandettini, P. A.},
title = {Toward direct mapping of neuronal activity: {MRI}
detection of ultraweak, transient magnetic field
changes},
journal = {Magn Reson Med},
volume = {47},
number = {6},
pages = {1052-1058},
abstract = {A novel method based on selective detection of rapidly
changing DeltaB(0) magnetic fields and suppression of
slowly changing DeltaB(0) fields is presented. The
ultimate goal of this work is to present a method that
may allow detection of transient and subtle changes in
B(0) in cortical tissue associated with electrical
currents produced by neuronal activity. The method
involves the detection of NMR phase changes that occur
during a single-shot spin-echo (SE) echo-planar
sequence (EPI) echo time. SE EPI effectively rephases
all changes in B(0) that occur on a time scale longer
than the echo time (TE) and amplifies all DeltaB(0)
changes that occur during TE/2. The method was tested
on a phantom that contains wires in which current can
be modulated. The sensitivity and flexibility of the
technique was demonstrated by modulation of the
temporal position and duration of the stimuli-evoked
transient magnetic field relative to the 180 RF pulse
in the imaging sequence-requiring precise stimulus
timing. Currently, with this method magnetic field
changes as small as 2 x 10(-10) T (200 pT) and lasting
for 40 msec can be detected. Implications for direct
mapping of brain neuronal activity with MRI are
discussed.},
authoraddress = {3 Tesla Functional Neuroimaging Facility, National
Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
20892-1148, USA. jbodurka@codon.nih.gov},
keywords = {Brain Mapping/*instrumentation/methods ;
Electromagnetic Fields ; Human ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
; Neurons/*physiology ; *Phantoms, Imaging},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {10.1002/mrm.10159 [doi]},
medline-ci = {Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
medline-da = {20020711},
medline-dcom = {20021007},
medline-edat = {2002/07/12 10:00},
medline-fau = {Bodurka, Jerzy ; Bandettini, Peter A},
medline-is = {0740-3194},
medline-jid = {8505245},
medline-mhda = {2002/10/09 04:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {12111950},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Magn Reson Med 2002 Jun;47(6):1052-8.},
medline-stat = {completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12111950},
year = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{BBC+02,
author = {Babiloni, F. and Babiloni, C. and Carducci, F. and Del
Gratta, C. and Romani, G. L. and Rossini, P. M. and
Cincotti, F.},
title = {Cortical source estimate of combined high resolution
{EEG} and f{MRI} data related to voluntary movements},
journal = {Methods Inf Med},
volume = {41},
number = {5},
pages = {443-450},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: In this paper, we employed advanced
methods for the modeling of human cortical activity
related to voluntary right one-digit movements from
combined high-resolution electroencepholography (EEG)
and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
METHODS: Multimodal integration between EEG and fMRI
data was performed by using realistic head models, a
large number of scalp electrodes (128) and the
estimation of current density strengths by linear
inverse estimation. RESULTS: Increasing of spatial
details of the estimated cortical density distributions
has been detected by using the proposed integration
method with respect to the estimation using EEG data
alone. CONCLUSION: The proposed method of multimodal
EEG-fMRI data is useful to increase spatial resolution
of movement-related potentials and can also be applied
to other kinds of event-related potentials.},
authoraddress = {Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia,
Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
Fabio.Babiloni@uniroma1.it},
keywords = {Brain Mapping/methods ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ;
Cortical Synchronization ; Electrodes ;
Electroencephalography/*methods ; Human ;
Magnetoencephalography/*methods ; Motor
Activity/*physiology ; Nerve Net ; Signal Processing,
Computer-Assisted ; *Systems Integration},
language = {eng},
medline-da = {20021227},
medline-dcom = {20030225},
medline-edat = {2002/12/28 04:00},
medline-fau = {Babiloni, F ; Babiloni, C ; Carducci, F ; Del Gratta,
C ; Romani, G L ; Rossini, P M ; Cincotti, F},
medline-is = {0026-1270},
medline-jid = {0210453},
medline-mhda = {2003/02/26 04:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {Germany},
medline-pmid = {12501818},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Methods Inf Med 2002;41(5):443-50.},
medline-stat = {completed},
year = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{BBC+03c,
author = {Babiloni, F. and Babiloni, C. and Carducci, F. and
Romani, G. L. and Rossini, P. M. and Angelone, L. M.
and Cincotti, F.},
title = {Multimodal integration of high-resolution {EEG} and
functional magnetic resonance imaging data: a
simulation study},
journal = {NeuroImage},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {1-15},
abstract = {Previous simulation studies have stressed the
importance of the use of fMRI priors in the estimation
of cortical current density. However, no systematic
variations of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and number of
electrodes were explicitly taken into account in the
estimation process. In this simulation study we
considered the utility of including information as
estimated from fMRI. This was done by using as the
dependent variable both the correlation coefficient and
the relative error between the imposed and the
estimated waveforms at the level of cortical region of
interests (ROI). A realistic head and cortical surface
model was used. Factors used in the simulations were
the different values of SNR of the scalp-generated
data, the different inverse operators used to estimated
the cortical source activity, the strengths of the fMRI
priors in the fMRI-based inverse operators, and the
number of scalp electrodes used in the analysis.
Analysis of variance results suggested that all the
considered factors significantly afflict the
correlation and the relative error between the
estimated and the simulated cortical activity. For the
ROIs analyzed with simulated fMRI hot spots, it was
observed that the best estimation of cortical source
currents was performed with the inverse operators that
used fMRI information. When the ROIs analyzed do not
present fMRI hot spots, both standard (i.e., minimum
norm) and fMRI-based inverse operators returned
statistically equivalent correlation and relative error
values.},
authoraddress = {Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia,
Universita di Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
Fabio.Babiloni@uniromal.it},
keywords = {Analysis of Variance ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral
Cortex/*physiology ; *Computer Simulation ;
*Electroencephalography ; Electrophysiology ; Human ;
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Models, Neurological},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {S1053811903000521 [pii]},
medline-da = {20030603},
medline-dcom = {20030721},
medline-edat = {2003/06/05 05:00},
medline-fau = {Babiloni, F ; Babiloni, C ; Carducci, F ; Romani, G L
; Rossini, P M ; Angelone, L M ; Cincotti, F},
medline-is = {1053-8119},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-mhda = {2003/07/23 05:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {12781723},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {NeuroImage 2003 May;19(1):1-15.},
medline-stat = {completed},
year = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{BBC06,
author = {Burke, M. and {Buhrle Ch}},
title = {B{OLD} response during uncoupling of neuronal activity
and {CBF}.},
journal = {Neuroimage},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {1-8},
abstract = {The widely used technique of functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) based on the blood oxygenation
level-dependent (BOLD) effect is a tool for the
investigation of changes in local brain activity upon
stimulation. The principle of measurement is based on
the assumption that there is a strong coupling between
changes in neural activity, metabolism, vascular
response and oxygen extraction in the area under
investigation. As fMRI is on the way to become a
routine tool in clinical examinations, we wanted to
investigate whether, generally and under a variety of
conditions, there is a strong link between the BOLD
signal and neural activity. For clinical and
experimental application of the method, it is crucial,
whether the absence of changes in BOLD signal intensity
upon stimulation can always be interpreted as an
absence of changes in brain activity. We approached
this question by inhibiting the nitric oxide mediated
'neurovascular coupling' via application of 7
nitroindazole. Before and after inhibition of this
neurovascular coupling, we acquired evoked potentials
and performed fMRI during somatosensory stimulation in
rats. Cerebral blood flow response as well as BOLD
signal intensity changes following electrical
stimulation were abolished within 10 min after
application of 7 nitroindazole, whereas
somatosensory-evoked potentials were only slightly
affected but still clearly detectable. Even 1 h after
injection of 7 nitroindazole, there was still remaining
electrical activity. Thus, we observed an uncoupling
between electrical, i.e., neural activity and the BOLD
signal. According to our results, the absence of BOLD
signal changes did not permit the conclusion that there
was no neural activity in the area under investigation.
Our findings are especially relevant for the clinical
application of fMRI in patients suffering from
cerebrovascular and other brain diseases.},
authoraddress = {Faculty of Psychology, Section for Experimental and
Biological Psychology, Philipps-Universitat Marburg,
Gutenbergstrasse 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
burkem@staff.uni-marburg.de},
keywords = {Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Cerebrovascular
Circulation/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials,
Somatosensory/physiology ; Heart Rate ; Magnetic
Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ;
Oxygen/*blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ;
Somatosensory Cortex/blood supply/physiology},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {S1053-8119(06)00217-5 [pii] ;
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.03.035 [doi]},
medline-da = {20060724},
medline-dcom = {20060915},
medline-dep = {20060503},
medline-edat = {2006/05/09 09:00},
medline-fau = {Burke, M ; Buhrle, Ch},
medline-is = {1053-8119 (Print)},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-jt = {NeuroImage.},
medline-mhda = {2006/09/16 09:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-phst = {2005/09/01 [received] ; 2006/02/27 [revised] ;
2006/03/16 [accepted] ; 2006/05/03 [aheadofprint]},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {16677832},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-pubm = {Print-Electronic},
medline-rn = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Neuroimage. 2006 Aug 1;32(1):1-8. Epub 2006 May 3.},
medline-stat = {MEDLINE},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=16677832},
year = 2006
}
@ARTICLE{BCB+05,
author = {Babiloni, F. and Cincotti, F. and Babiloni, C. and
Carducci, F. and Mattia, D. and Astolfi, L. and
Basilisco, A. and Rossini, P.M. and Ding, L. and Ni, Y.
and Cheng, J. and Christine, K. and Sweeney, J. and He,
B.},
title = {Estimation of the cortical functional connectivity
with the multimodal integration of high-resolution
{EEG} and f{MRI} data by directed transfer function.},
journal = {Neuroimage},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {118-131},
abstract = {Nowadays, several types of brain imaging device are
available to provide images of the functional activity
of the cerebral cortex based on hemodynamic, metabolic,
or electromagnetic measurements. However, static images
of brain regions activated during particular tasks do
not convey the information of how these regions
communicate with each other. In this study, advanced
methods for the estimation of cortical connectivity
from combined high-resolution electroencephalography
(EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
data are presented. These methods include a subject's
multicompartment head model (scalp, skull, dura mater,
cortex) constructed from individual magnetic resonance
images, multidipole source model, and regularized
linear inverse source estimates of cortical current
density. Determination of the priors in the resolution
of the linear inverse problem was performed with the
use of information from the hemodynamic responses of
the cortical areas as revealed by block-designed
(strength of activated voxels) fMRI. We estimate
functional cortical connectivity by computing the
directed transfer function (DTF) on the estimated
cortical current density waveforms in regions of
interest (ROIs) on the modeled cortical mantle. The
proposed method was able to unveil the direction of the
information flow between the cortical regions of
interest, as it is directional in nature. Furthermore,
this method allows to detect changes in the time course
of information flow between cortical regions in
different frequency bands. The reliability of these
techniques was further demonstrated by elaboration of
high-resolution EEG and fMRI signals collected during
visually triggered finger movements in four healthy
subjects. Connectivity patterns estimated for this task
reveal an involvement of right parietal and bilateral
premotor and prefrontal cortical areas. This cortical
region involvement resembles that revealed in previous
studies where visually triggered finger movements were
analyzed with the use of separate EEG or fMRI
measurements.},
authoraddress = {Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology,
University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione
Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {S1053-8119(04)00564-6 [pii] ;
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.036 [doi]},
medline-da = {20041213},
medline-edat = {2004/12/14 09:00},
medline-fau = {Babiloni, F ; Cincotti, F ; Babiloni, C ; Carducci, F
; Mattia, D ; Astolfi, L ; Basilisco, A ; Rossini, P M
; Ding, L ; Ni, Y ; Cheng, J ; Christine, K ; Sweeney,
J ; He, B},
medline-is = {1053-8119},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-mhda = {2004/12/14 09:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-phst = {2004/03/02 [received] ; 2004/05/17 [revised] ;
2004/09/23 [accepted]},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {15588603},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-pubm = {Print},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Neuroimage 2005 Jan 1;24(1):118-31.},
medline-stat = {In-Data-Review},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15588603},
year = 2005
}
@ARTICLE{BDM+05,
author = {Brazdil, M. and Dobsik, M. and Mikl, M. and Hlustik,
P. and Daniel, P. and Pazourkova, M. and Krupa, P. and
Rektor, I.},
title = {Combined event-related f{MRI} and intracerebral {ERP}
study of an auditory oddball task.},
journal = {Neuroimage},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {285-93},
abstract = {Event-related fMRI (efMRI) has been repeatedly used to
seek the neural sources of endogenous event-related
potentials (ERP). However, significant discrepancies
exist between the efMRI data and the results of
previously published intracranial ERP studies of
oddball task. To evaluate the capacity of efMRI to
define the sources of the P3 component of ERP within
the human brain, both efMRI and intracerebral ERP
recordings were performed in eight patients with
intractable epilepsy (five males and three females)
during their preoperative invasive video-EEG
monitoring. An identical auditory oddball task with
frequent and target stimuli was completed in two
sessions. A total of 606 intracerebral sites were
electrophysiologically investigated by means of depth
electrodes. In accordance with the finding of multiple
intracerebral generators of P3 potential, the target
stimuli evoked MRI signal increase in multiple brain
regions. However, regions with evident hemodynamic and
electrophysiological responses overlapped only
partially. P3 generators were always found within
hemodynamic-active sites, if these sites were
investigated by means of depth electrodes. On the other
hand, unequivocal local sources of P3 potential were
apparently also located outside the regions with a
significant hemodynamic response (typically in
mesiotemporal regions). Both methods should thus be
viewed as mutually complementary in investigations of
the spatial distribution of cortical and subcortical
activation during oddball task.},
authoraddress = {First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University
Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic. mbrazd@med.muni.cz},
keywords = {Adult ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Auditory
Perception/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ;
Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology ; Electrodes,
Implanted ; Electroencephalography ; Electrophysiology
; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Evoked Potentials,
Auditory/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic
Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Oxygen/blood ; Research
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {S1053-8119(05)00053-4 [pii] ;
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.051 [doi]},
medline-da = {20050502},
medline-dcom = {20050712},
medline-edat = {2005/05/03 09:00},
medline-fau = {Brazdil, Milan ; Dobsik, Martin ; Mikl, Michal ;
Hlustik, Petr ; Daniel, Pavel ; Pazourkova, Marta ;
Krupa, Petr ; Rektor, Ivan},
medline-is = {1053-8119},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-mhda = {2005/07/13 09:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-phst = {2004/11/19 [received] ; 2005/01/04 [revised] ;
2005/01/14 [accepted]},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {15862229},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-pubm = {Print},
medline-rn = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Neuroimage 2005 May 15;26(1):285-93.},
medline-stat = {MEDLINE},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15862229},
year = 2005,
yoh-notes = {XXXREADXXX}
}
@ARTICLE{BEG+96,
author = {Boynton, G. M. and Engel, S. A. and Glover, G. H. and
Heeger, D. J.},
title = {Linear systems analysis of functional magnetic
resonance imaging in human {V}1},
journal = {J Neurosci},
volume = {16},
number = {13},
pages = {4207-4221},
abstract = {The linear transform model of functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) hypothesizes that fMRI
responses are proportional to local average neural
activity averaged over a period of time. This work
reports results from three empirical tests that support
this hypothesis. First, fMRI responses in human primary
visual cortex (V1) depend separably on stimulus timing
and stimulus contrast. Second, responses to
long-duration stimuli can be predicted from responses
to shorter duration stimuli. Third, the noise in the
fMRI data is independent of stimulus contrast and
temporal period. Although these tests can not prove the
correctness of the linear transform model, they might
have been used to reject the model. Because the linear
transform model is consistent with our data, we
proceeded to estimate the temporal fMRI
impulse-response function and the underlying
(presumably neural) contrast-response function of human
V1.},
authoraddress = {Department of Psychology, Stanford University,
California 94305, USA.},
keywords = {Artifacts ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
Models, Neurological ; Noise ; Photic Stimulation ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ;
Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/*physiology},
language = {eng},
medline-da = {19961213},
medline-dcom = {19961213},
medline-edat = {1996/07/01},
medline-fau = {Boynton, G M ; Engel, S A ; Glover, G H ; Heeger, D J},
medline-gr = {IEQA455/PHS ; MH50228/MH/NIMH ; P41 RR09784/RR/NCRR},
medline-is = {0270-6474},
medline-jid = {8102140},
medline-lr = {20001218},
medline-mhda = {1996/07/01 00:01},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {UNITED STATES},
medline-pmid = {8753882},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {J Neurosci 1996 Jul 1;16(13):4207-21.},
medline-stat = {completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=8753882},
year = 1996
}
@ARTICLE{BESL-MCKAY92A,
author = {Besl, P. J. and McKay, N. D.},
title = {A Method for Registration of {3-D} Shapes},
journal = {IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell.},
year = 1992,
volume = 14,
number = 2,
keywords = {ICP},
month = FEB
}
@ARTICLE{BET+97,
author = {Beisteiner, R. and Erdler, M. and Teichtmeister, C.
and Diemling, M. and Moser, E. and Edward, V. and
Deecke, L.},
title = {Magnetoencephalography may help to improve functional
{MRI} brain mapping},
journal = {Eur J Neurosci},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {1072-1077},
abstract = {The validity of functional magnetic resonance imaging
(FMRI) brain maps with respect to the sites of neuronal
activation is still unknown. One source of localization
error may be pixels with large signal amplitudes, since
such pixels may be expected to overlie large vessels,
running remote from the centre of neuronal activation.
In this study, magnetoencephalography was used to
determine the centre of neuronal activation in a simple
finger tapping task. The localization accuracy of
conventional FMRI depending on FMRI signal enhancement
was investigated relative to the magnetoencephalography
reference. The results show a deterioration of FMRI
localization with increasing signal amplitude related
to increased contributions from large vessels. We
conclude that FMRI data analysis should exclude large
signal amplitudes and that magnetoencephalography may
help to improve FMRI brain mapping results in a
multimethod approach.},
authoraddress = {Department of Neurology, University of Vienna,
Austria.},
keywords = {Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ; Human ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ;
*Magnetoencephalography ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
language = {eng},
medline-da = {19970721},
medline-dcom = {19970721},
medline-edat = {1997/05/01},
medline-fau = {Beisteiner, R ; Erdler, M ; Teichtmeister, C ;
Diemling, M ; Moser, E ; Edward, V ; Deecke, L},
medline-is = {0953-816X},
medline-jid = {8918110},
medline-lr = {20001218},
medline-mhda = {1997/05/01 00:01},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {ENGLAND},
medline-pmid = {9182959},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Eur J Neurosci 1997 May;9(5):1072-7.},
medline-stat = {completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9182959},
year = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{BF97,
author = {Buxton, R. B. and Frank, L. R.},
title = {A model for the coupling between cerebral blood flow
and oxygen metabolism during neural stimulation},
journal = {J Cereb Blood Flow Metab},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {64-72},
abstract = {A general mathematical model for the delivery of O2 to
the brain is presented, based on the assumptions that
all of the brain capillaries are perfused at rest and
that all of the oxygen extracted from the capillaries
is metabolized. The model predicts that
disproportionately large changes in blood flow are
required in order to support small changes in the O2
metabolic rate. Interpreted in terms of this model,
previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies of
the human brain during neural stimulation demonstrating
that cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases much more than
the oxygen metabolic rate are consistent with tight
coupling of flow and oxidative metabolism. The model
provides a basis for the quantitative interpretation of
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in
terms of changes in local CBF.},
authoraddress = {Department of Radiology, University of California at
San Diego 92103-8756, USA.},
keywords = {Brain/physiology ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ;
Human ; *Models, Neurological ; *Oxygen Consumption ;
*Regional Blood Flow ; Tomography, Emission-Computed},
language = {eng},
medline-da = {19970121},
medline-dcom = {19970121},
medline-edat = {1997/01/01},
medline-fau = {Buxton, R B ; Frank, L R},
medline-is = {0271-678X},
medline-jid = {8112566},
medline-lr = {20001218},
medline-mhda = {1997/01/01 00:01},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {UNITED STATES},
medline-pmid = {8978388},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
medline-rf = {53},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1997 Jan;17(1):64-72.},
medline-stat = {Completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=8978388},
year = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{BGH+05,
author = {Brookes, M. J. and Gibson, A. M. and Hall, S. D. and
Furlong, P. L. and Barnes, G. R. and Hillebrand, A. and
Singh, K. D. and Holliday, I. E. and Francis, S. T. and
Morris, P. G.},
title = {G{LM}-beamformer method demonstrates stationary field,
alpha {ERD} and gamma {ERS} co-localisation with f{MRI}
{BOLD} response in visual cortex.},
journal = {Neuroimage},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {302-8},
abstract = {Recently, we introduced a new 'GLM-beamformer'
technique for MEG analysis that enables accurate
localisation of both phase-locked and non-phase-locked
neuromagnetic effects, and their representation as
statistical parametric maps (SPMs). This provides a
useful framework for comparison of the full range of
MEG responses with fMRI BOLD results. This paper
reports a 'proof of principle' study using a simple
visual paradigm (static checkerboard). The five
subjects each underwent both MEG and fMRI paradigms. We
demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of a
sustained (DC) field in the visual cortex, and its
co-localisation with the visual BOLD response. The
GLM-beamformer analysis method is also used to
investigate the main non-phase-locked oscillatory
effects: an event-related desynchronisation (ERD) in
the alpha band (8-13 Hz) and an event-related
synchronisation (ERS) in the gamma band (55-70 Hz). We
show, using SPMs and virtual electrode traces, the
spatio-temporal covariance of these effects with the
visual BOLD response. Comparisons between MEG and fMRI
data sets generally focus on the relationship between
the BOLD response and the transient evoked response.
Here, we show that the stationary field and changes in
oscillatory power are also important contributors to
the BOLD response, and should be included in future
studies on the relationship between neuronal activation
and the haemodynamic response.},
authoraddress = {Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham,
University Park, UK.},
keywords = {Adult ; *Alpha Rhythm ; Brain Mapping ;
Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cortical Synchronization
; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/*methods ; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ;
Oxygen/*blood ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
Visual Cortex/*physiology},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {S1053-8119(05)00037-6 [pii] ;
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.050 [doi]},
medline-da = {20050502},
medline-dcom = {20050712},
medline-edat = {2005/05/03 09:00},
medline-fau = {Brookes, Matthew J ; Gibson, Andrew M ; Hall, Stephen
D ; Furlong, Paul L ; Barnes, Gareth R ; Hillebrand,
Arjan ; Singh, Krish D ; Holliday, Ian E ; Francis, Sue
T ; Morris, Peter G},
medline-is = {1053-8119 (Print)},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-jt = {NeuroImage.},
medline-mhda = {2005/07/13 09:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-phst = {2004/07/23 [received] ; 2004/12/22 [revised] ;
2005/01/12 [accepted]},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {15862231},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-pubm = {Print},
medline-rn = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Neuroimage. 2005 May 15;26(1):302-8.},
medline-stat = {MEDLINE},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15862231},
year = 2005
}
@ARTICLE{BKD+05,
author = {Bagshaw, A.P. and Kobayashi, E. and Dubeau, F. and
Pike, G.B. and Gotman, J.},
title = {Correspondence between {EEG}-f{MRI} and {EEG} dipole
localisation of interictal discharges in focal
epilepsy.},
journal = {Neuroimage},
abstract = {EEG-fMRI and EEG dipole source localisation are two
non-invasive imaging methods that can be applied to the
study of the haemodynamic and electrical consequences
of epileptic discharges. Using them in combination has
the potential to allow imaging with the spatial
resolution of fMRI and the temporal resolution of EEG.
However, although considerable data are available
concerning their concordance in studies involving
event-related potentials (ERPs), less is known about
how well they agree in epilepsy. To this end, 17
patients were selected from a database of 57 who had
undergone an EEG-fMRI scanning session followed by a
separate EEG session outside of the scanner.
Spatiotemporal dipole modelling was compared with the
peak and closest EEG-fMRI activations and
deactivations. On average, the dipoles were 58.5 mm
from the voxel with the highest positive t value and
32.5 mm from the nearest activated voxel. For
deactivations, the corresponding values were 60.8 and
34.0 mm. These values are considerably higher than is
generally observed with ERPs, probably as a result of
the relatively widespread field, which can lead to
artificially deep dipoles, and the occurrence of
EEG-fMRI responses remote from the presumed focus of
the epileptic activity. The results suggest that EEG
and MEG inverse solutions for equivalent current dipole
approaches should not be strongly constrained by
EEG-fMRI results in epilepsy, and that the use of
distributed source modelling will be a more appropriate
way of combining EEG-fMRI results with source
localisation techniques.},
authoraddress = {Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University,
Room 786, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
H3A 2B4.},
language = {ENG},
medline-aid = {S1053-8119(05)00732-9 [pii] ;
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.09.033 [doi]},
medline-da = {20051104},
medline-dep = {20051031},
medline-edat = {2005/11/05 09:00},
medline-is = {1053-8119},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-mhda = {2005/11/05 09:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-phst = {2005/03/24 [received] ; 2005/09/07 [revised] ;
2005/09/20 [accepted]},
medline-pmid = {16269248},
medline-pst = {aheadofprint},
medline-pt = {JOURNAL ARTICLE},
medline-pubm = {Print-Electronic},
medline-so = {Neuroimage 2005 Oct 31;.},
medline-stat = {Publisher},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=16269248},
year = 2005
}
@ARTICLE{BKM+91,
author = {Belliveau, J.W. and Kennedy, Jr, D.N. and McKinstry,
R.C. and Buchbinder, B.R. and Weisskoff, R.M. and
Cohen, M.S. and Vevea, J.M. and Brady, T.J. and Rosen,
B.R.},
title = {Functional mapping of the human visual cortex by
magnetic resonance imaging.},
journal = {Science},
volume = {254},
number = {5032},
pages = {716-719},
abstract = {Knowledge of regional cerebral hemodynamics has
widespread application for both physiological research
and clinical assessment because of the well-established
interrelation between physiological function, energy
metabolism, and localized blood supply. A magnetic
resonance technique was developed for quantitative
imaging of cerebral hemodynamics, allowing for
measurement of regional cerebral blood volume during
resting and activated cognitive states. This technique
was used to generate the first functional magnetic
resonance maps of human task activation, by using a
visual stimulus paradigm. During photic stimulation,
localized increases in blood volume (32 +/- 10 percent,
n = 7 subjects) were detected in the primary visual
cortex. Center-of-mass coordinates and linear extents
of brain activation within the plane of the calcarine
fissure are reported.},
authoraddress = {Massachusetts General Hospital-NMR Center, Charlestown
02129.},
keywords = {Blood Volume ; *Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Magnetic
Resonance Imaging/methods ; Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopy/methods ; Regional Blood Flow ; Research
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't,
P.H.S. ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/blood
supply/*physiology},
language = {eng},
medline-da = {19911213},
medline-dcom = {19911213},
medline-edat = {1991/11/11 19:15},
medline-fau = {Belliveau, J W ; Kennedy, D N Jr ; McKinstry, R C ;
Buchbinder, B R ; Weisskoff, R M ; Cohen, M S ; Vevea,
J M ; Brady, T J ; Rosen, B R},
medline-gr = {P01-CA48729/CA/NCI ; R01-CA40303/CA/NCI ;
R01-HL39810/HL/NHLBI},
medline-is = {0036-8075},
medline-jid = {0404511},
medline-lr = {20041117},
medline-mhda = {2001/03/28 10:01},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {UNITED STATES},
medline-pmid = {1948051},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-pubm = {Print},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Science 1991 Nov 1;254(5032):716-9.},
medline-stat = {MEDLINE},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=1948051},
year = 1991
}
@ARTICLE{BL05,
author = {Behzadi, Y. and Liu, T.T.},
title = {An arteriolar compliance model of the cerebral blood
flow response to neural stimulus.},
journal = {Neuroimage},
volume = {25},
number = {4},
pages = {1100-11},
abstract = {Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
is a widely used and powerful tool for studying brain
function, the quantitative interpretation of fMRI
measurements for basic neuroscience and clinical
studies can be complicated by inter-subject and
inter-session variability arising from modulation of
the baseline vascular state by disease, aging, diet,
and pharmacological agents. In particular, recent
studies have shown that the temporal dynamics of the
cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the blood oxygenation
level dependent (BOLD) responses to stimulus are
modulated by changes in baseline CBF induced by various
vasoactive agents and by decreases in vascular
compliance associated with aging. These effects are not
readily explained using current models of the CBF and
BOLD responses. We present here a second-order
nonlinear feedback model of the evoked CBF response in
which neural activity modulates the compliance of
arteriolar smooth muscle. Within this model framework,
the baseline vascular state affects the dynamic
response by changing the relative contributions of an
active smooth muscle component and a passive connective
tissue component to the overall vessel compliance.
Baseline dependencies of the BOLD signal are studied by
coupling the arteriolar compliance model with a
previously described balloon model of the venous
compartment. Numerical simulations show that the
proposed model describes to first order the observed
dependence of CBF and BOLD responses on the baseline
vascular state.},
authoraddress = {Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and
Department of Radiology, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0677, La
Jolla, CA 92093-0677, USA.},
keywords = {Aging/physiology ; Algorithms ; Arterioles/anatomy &
histology/physiology ; Brain Chemistry/physiology ;
Carbon Dioxide/physiology ; Cerebrovascular
Circulation/*physiology ; Compliance ; Elasticity ;
Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Statistical ;
Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle, Smooth,
Vascular/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Nonlinear
Dynamics ; Oxygen/blood ; Research Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't ; Viscosity},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {S1053-8119(04)00764-5 [pii] ;
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.057 [doi]},
medline-da = {20050426},
medline-dcom = {20050711},
medline-edat = {2005/04/27 09:00},
medline-fau = {Behzadi, Yashar ; Liu, Thomas T},
medline-is = {1053-8119 (Print)},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-jt = {NeuroImage.},
medline-mhda = {2005/07/12 09:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-phst = {2004/07/19 [received] ; 2004/11/09 [revised] ;
2004/12/07 [accepted]},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {15850728},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-pubm = {Print},
medline-rn = {0 (Hemoglobins) ; 124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide) ;
7782-44-7 (Oxygen) ; 9008-02-0 (deoxyhemoglobin)},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Neuroimage. 2005 May 1;25(4):1100-11.},
medline-stat = {MEDLINE},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15850728},
year = 2005
}
@ARTICLE{BL06,
author = {Bregadze, N. and Lavric, A.},
title = {E{RP} differences with vs. without concurrent f{MRI}.},
journal = {Int J Psychophysiol},
abstract = {The acquisition of ERPs concurrently with fMRI in
cognitive paradigms is appealing, but technically
challenging. Little is known about the effects of the
fMRI environment on the time-course and topography of
previously documented ERP effects. We examined the
replicability of ERP differences in the scanner at the
level of individual subjects, using two cognitive
paradigms and two statistical procedures. ERP P3
differences found outside the scanner in both paradigms
were also robustly detected in the ERPs acquired during
fMRI scanning. These P3 effects had equivalent
time-courses and scalp topographies inside and outside
the scanner. This replication at the level of
individual data-sets has implications for the clinical
applicability of ERP-fMRI and, more generally, for the
quality of scanner recorded ERPs.},
authoraddress = {School of Psychology, University of Exeter, UK; MRI
Research Centre, University of Exeter, UK.},
language = {ENG},
medline-aid = {S0167-8760(06)00024-9 [pii] ;
10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.01.010 [doi]},
medline-da = {20060228},
medline-dep = {20060224},
medline-edat = {2006/03/01 09:00},
medline-is = {0167-8760 (Print)},
medline-jid = {8406214},
medline-mhda = {2006/03/01 09:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-phst = {2005/05/16 [received] ; 2005/12/20 [revised] ;
2006/01/05 [accepted]},
medline-pmid = {16503359},
medline-pst = {aheadofprint},
medline-pt = {JOURNAL ARTICLE},
medline-pubm = {Print-Electronic},
medline-so = {Int J Psychophysiol. 2006 Feb 24;.},
medline-stat = {Publisher},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=16503359},
year = 2006
}
@ARTICLE{BNK+95,
author = {Baumann, S. B. and Noll, D. C. and Kondziolka, D. S.
and Schneider, W. and Nichols, T. E. and Mintun, M. A.
and Lewine, J. D. and Yonas, H. and Orrison, Jr, W. W.
and Sclabassi, R. J.},
title = {Comparison of functional magnetic resonance imaging
with positron emission tomography and
magnetoencephalography to identify the motor cortex in
a patient with an arteriovenous malformation},
journal = {J Image Guid Surg},
volume = {1},
number = {4},
pages = {191-197},
abstract = {Alterations in gyral contour made it difficult to
identify the motor cortex thought to be near an
arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a 24-year-old man
considered for stereotactic radiosurgery. Functional
imaging in three modalities was performed
preoperatively to compare the reliability of
localization using functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) on a conventional scanner with positron
emission tomography (PET) and magnetoencephalography
(MEG). Similar tasks were used for each imaging
modality in an attempt to activate and identify the
sensory and motor cortex. Data from all three
modalities converged for the sensory task, and fMRI and
PET data converged for the motor task. The right
hemisphere motor strip was localized adjacent and
anterior to the AVM. These data were used in planning
the radiosurgery isodose configuration to the AVM in
order to reduce the irradiation of motor cortex
parenchyma. A postoperative fMRI study was also
performed using newer techniques to reduce head motion
artifact and to improve signal-to-noise ratio. The data
confirmed the conclusions derived from the preoperative
evaluations. This study demonstrates how conventional
MRI scanners can be used for functional studies of use
in surgical planning.},
authoraddress = {Department of Neurological Surgery, University of
Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
sbb@neuronet.pitt.edu},
keywords = {Adult ; Comparative Study ; Human ; Intracranial
Arteriovenous Malformations/*pathology/radionuclide
imaging/surgery ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
*Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Motor
Cortex/*pathology/radionuclide imaging ; Radiosurgery ;
Somatosensory Cortex/pathology/radionuclide imaging ;
Stereotaxic Techniques ; *Tomography, Emission-Computed},
language = {eng},
medline-da = {19970416},
medline-dcom = {19970416},
medline-edat = {1995/01/01},
medline-fau = {Baumann, S B ; Noll, D C ; Kondziolka, D S ;
Schneider, W ; Nichols, T E ; Mintun, M A ; Lewine, J D
; Yonas, H ; Orrison, W W Jr ; Sclabassi, R J},
medline-is = {1078-7844},
medline-jid = {9508564},
medline-lr = {20031114},
medline-mhda = {2001/03/28 10:01},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {UNITED STATES},
medline-pmid = {9079445},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Case Reports ; Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {J Image Guid Surg 1995;1(4):191-7.},
medline-stat = {Completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9079445},
year = 1995
}
@ARTICLE{BNS05,
author = {Babajani, A. and Nekooei, M. H. and Soltanian-Zadeh,
H.},
title = {Integrated {MEG} and f{MRI} model: synthesis and
analysis.},
journal = {Brain Topogr},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {101-13},
abstract = {An integrated model for magnetoencephalography (MEG)
and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is
proposed. In the model, the neural activity is related
to the Post Synaptic Potentials (PSPs) which is common
link between MEG and fMRI. Each PSP is modeled by the
direction and strength of its current flow which are
treated as random variables. The overall neural
activity in each voxel is used for equivalent current
dipole in MEG and as input of extended Balloon model in
fMRI. The proposed model shows the possibility of
detecting activation by fMRI in a voxel while the voxel
is silent for MEG and vice versa. Parameters of the
model can illustrate situations like closed field due
to non-pyramidal cells, canceling effect of inhibitory
PSP on excitatory PSP, and effect of synchronicity. In
addition, the model shows that the crosstalk from
neural activities of the adjacent voxels in fMRI may
result in the detection of activations in these voxels
that contain no neural activities. The proposed model
is instrumental in evaluating and comparing different
analysis methods of MEG and fMRI. It is also useful in
characterizing the upcoming combined methods for
simultaneous analysis of MEG and fMRI.},
authoraddress = {Control and Intelligent Processing Center of
Excellence, Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.},
keywords = {Algorithms ; Excitatory Postsynaptic
Potentials/physiology ; Humans ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted/*statistics & numerical data ; Linear
Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*statistics &
numerical data ; Magnetoencephalography/*statistics &
numerical data ; Models, Statistical ; Oxygen/blood},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {10.1007/s10548-005-0279-5 [doi]},
medline-da = {20051212},
medline-dcom = {20060208},
medline-dep = {20051205},
medline-edat = {2005/12/13 09:00},
medline-fau = {Babajani, Abbas ; Nekooei, Mohammad-Hossein ;
Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid},
medline-is = {0896-0267 (Print)},
medline-jid = {8903034},
medline-jt = {Brain topography},
medline-lr = {20061115},
medline-mhda = {2006/02/09 09:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-phst = {2005/10/08 [accepted] ; 2005/12/05 [aheadofprint]},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {16341578},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
medline-pubm = {Print-Electronic},
medline-rn = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Brain Topogr. 2005 Winter;18(2):101-13. Epub 2005 Dec
5.},
medline-stat = {MEDLINE},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=16341578},
year = 2005
}
@ARTICLE{BPJ+02,
author = {Bonmassar, G. and Purdon, P. L. and Jaaskelainen, I.
P. and Chiappa, K. and Solo, V. and Brown, E. N. and
Belliveau, J. W.},
title = {Motion and ballistocardiogram artifact removal for
interleaved recording of {EEG} and {EP}s during {MRI}},
journal = {NeuroImage},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {1127-1141},
abstract = {Artifacts generated by motion (e.g., ballistocardiac)
of the head inside a high magnetic field corrupt
recordings of EEG and EPs. This paper introduces a
method for motion artifact cancellation. This method is
based on adaptive filtering and takes advantage of
piezoelectric motion sensor information to estimate the
motion artifact noise. This filter estimates the
mapping between motion sensor and EEG space,
subtracting the motion-related noise from the raw EEG
signal. Due to possible subject motion and changes in
electrode impedance, a time-varying mapping of the
motion versus EEG is required. We show that this filter
is capable of removing both ballistocardiogram and
gross motion artifacts, restoring EEG alpha waves (8-13
Hz), and visual evoked potentials (VEPs). This adaptive
filter outperforms the simple band-pass filter for
alpha detection because it is also capable of reducing
noise within the frequency band of interest. In
addition, this filter also removes the transient
responses normally visible in the EEG window after echo
planar image acquisition, observed during interleaved
EEG/fMRI recordings. Our adaptive filter approach can
be implemented in real-time to allow for continuous
monitoring of EEG and fMRI during clinical and
cognitive studies.},
authoraddress = {NMR Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard
Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
giorgio@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
keywords = {Adult ; Alpha Rhythm ; *Artifacts ;
Ballistocardiography ; Brain/*physiology ;
*Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials, Visual ;
Female ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ;
Motion ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't,
P.H.S.},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {S1053811902911250 [pii]},
medline-da = {20020830},
medline-dcom = {20021009},
medline-edat = {2002/08/31 10:00},
medline-fau = {Bonmassar, Giorgio ; Purdon, Patrick L ; Jaaskelainen,
Iiro P ; Chiappa, Keith ; Solo, Victor ; Brown, Emery N
; Belliveau, John W},
medline-gr = {NIH R01 NS37462/NS/NINDS ; P41 RR14075/RR/NCRR},
medline-is = {1053-8119},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-lr = {20021120},
medline-mhda = {2002/10/10 04:00},
medline-ot = {Non-programmatic},
medline-oto = {NASA},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {12202099},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM ; S},
medline-so = {NeuroImage 2002 Aug;16(4):1127-41.},
medline-stat = {completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12202099},
year = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{BRL+07,
author = {Behzadi, Y. and Restom, K. and Liau, J. and Liu, T. T.},
title = {A component based noise correction method
({C}omp{C}or) for {BOLD} and perfusion based f{MRI}.},
journal = {Neuroimage},
abstract = {A component based method (CompCor) for the reduction
of noise in both blood oxygenation level-dependent
(BOLD) and perfusion-based functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) data is presented. In the
proposed method, significant principal components are
derived from noise regions-of-interest (ROI) in which
the time series data are unlikely to be modulated by
neural activity. These components are then included as
nuisance parameters within general linear models for
BOLD and perfusion-based fMRI time series data. Two
approaches for the determination of the noise ROI are
considered. The first method uses high-resolution
anatomical data to define a region of interest composed
primarily of white matter and cerebrospinal fluid,
while the second method defines a region based upon the
temporal standard deviation of the time series data.
With the application of CompCor, the temporal standard
deviation of resting-state perfusion and BOLD data in
gray matter regions was significantly reduced as
compared to either no correction or the application of
a previously described retrospective image based
correction scheme (RETROICOR). For both functional
perfusion and BOLD data, the application of CompCor
significantly increased the number of activated voxels
as compared to no correction. In addition, for
functional BOLD data, there were significantly more
activated voxels detected with CompCor as compared to
RETROICOR. In comparison to RETROICOR, CompCor has the
advantage of not requiring external monitoring of
physiological fluctuations.},
authoraddress = {UCSD Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
and Department of Radiology, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC
0677, La Jolla, CA 92093-0677, USA; Department of
Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La
Jolla, CA, USA.},
language = {ENG},
medline-aid = {S1053-8119(07)00383-7 [pii] ;
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042 [doi]},
medline-da = {20070611},
medline-dep = {20070503},
medline-edat = {2007/06/15 09:00},
medline-is = {1053-8119 (Print)},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-mhda = {2007/06/15 09:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-phst = {2006/12/18 [received] ; 2007/04/23 [revised] ;
2007/04/25 [accepted]},
medline-pmid = {17560126},
medline-pst = {aheadofprint},
medline-pt = {JOURNAL ARTICLE},
medline-pubm = {Print-Electronic},
medline-so = {Neuroimage. 2007 May 3;.},
medline-stat = {Publisher},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=17560126},
year = 2007
}
@ARTICLE{BRM+01,
author = {Baillet, S. and Riera, J.J. and Marin, G. and Mangin,
J.F. and Aubert, J. and Garnero, L.},
title = {Evaluation of inverse methods and head models for
{EEG} source localization using a human skull phantom.},
journal = {Phys Med Biol},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
pages = {77-96},
abstract = {We used a real-skull phantom head to investigate the
performances of representative methods for EEG source
localization when considering various head models. We
describe several experiments using a montage with
current sources located at multiple positions and
orientations inside a human skull filled with a
conductive medium. The robustness of selected methods
based on distributed source models is evaluated as
various solutions to the forward problem (from the
sphere to the finite element method) are considered.
Experimental results indicate that inverse methods
using appropriate cortex-based source models are almost
always able to locate the active source with excellent
precision, with little or no spurious activity in close
or distant regions, even when two sources are
simultaneously active. Superior regularization schemes
for solving the inverse problem can dramatically help
the estimation of sparse and focal active zones,
despite significant approximation of the head geometry
and the conductivity properties of the head tissues.
Realistic head models are necessary, though, to fit the
data with a reasonable level of residual variance.},
authoraddress = {Cognitive Neuroscience and Brain Imaging Laboratory,
CNRS UPR640-LENA, H pital de la Salpetriere, Paris,
France. sylvain.baillet@chups.jussieu.fr},
keywords = {Electroencephalography/*methods ; Head/*radiation
effects ; Human ; Models, Theoretical ; Phantoms,
Imaging ; Reproducibility of Results ; Skull/*radiation
effects ; Time Factors},
language = {eng},
medline-da = {20010124},
medline-dcom = {20010329},
medline-edat = {2001/02/24 12:00},
medline-fau = {Baillet, S ; Riera, J J ; Marin, G ; Mangin, J F ;
Aubert, J ; Garnero, L},
medline-is = {0031-9155},
medline-jid = {0401220},
medline-lr = {20030416},
medline-mhda = {2001/04/03 10:01},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {England},
medline-pmid = {11197680},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {Phys Med Biol 2001 Jan;46(1):77-96.},
medline-stat = {Completed},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11197680},
year = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{BS06,
author = {Babajani, A. and Soltanian-Zadeh, H.},
title = {Integrated {MEG}/{EEG} and f{MRI} model based on
neural masses.},
journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
volume = {53},
number = {9},
pages = {1794-801},
abstract = {We introduce a bottom-up model for integrating
electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography
(MEG) with functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI). An extended neural mass model is proposed based
on the physiological principles of cortical minicolumns
and their connections. The fMRI signal is extracted
from the proposed neural mass model by introducing a
relationship between the stimulus and the neural
activity and using the resultant neural activity as
input of the extended Balloon model. The proposed
model, validated using simulations, is instrumental in
evaluating the upcoming combined methods for
simultaneous analysis of MEG/EEG and fMRI.},
authoraddress = {Control and Intelligent Processing Center of
Excellence, Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department, University of Tehran, Iran.
a.babajani@ece.ut.ac.ir},
keywords = {Algorithms ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain
Mapping/*methods ; Computer Simulation ; Diagnosis,
Computer-Assisted/*methods ;
Electroencephalography/*methods ; Evoked
Potentials/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/*methods ; Magnetoencephalography/*methods ;
*Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Systems
Integration},
language = {eng},
medline-da = {20060831},
medline-dcom = {20061005},
medline-edat = {2006/09/01 09:00},
medline-fau = {Babajani, Abbas ; Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid},
medline-is = {0018-9294 (Print)},
medline-jid = {0012737},
medline-jt = {IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering},
medline-lr = {20061115},
medline-mhda = {2006/10/06 09:00},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {16941835},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Research
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
medline-pubm = {Print},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2006 Sep;53(9):1794-801.},
medline-stat = {MEDLINE},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=16941835},
year = 2006
}
@ARTICLE{BSL+01,
author = {Bonmassar, G. and Schwartz, D. P. and Liu, A. K. and
Kwong, K. K. and Dale, A. M. and Belliveau, J. W.},
title = {Spatiotemporal brain imaging of visual-evoked activity
using interleaved {EEG} and f{MRI} recordings},
journal = {NeuroImage},
volume = {13},
number = {6.1},
pages = {1035-1043},
abstract = {Combined analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) and
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the
potential to provide higher spatiotemporal resolution
than either method alone. In some situations, in which
the activity of interest cannot be reliably reproduced
(e.g., epilepsy, learning, sleep states), accurate
combined analysis requires simultaneous acquisition of
EEG and fMRI. Simultaneous measurements ensure that the
EEG and fMRI recordings reflect the exact same brain
activity state. We took advantage of the spatial
filtering properties of the bipolar montage to allow
recording of very short (125--250 ms) visual-evoked
potentials (VEPs) during fMRI. These EEG and fMRI
measurements are of sufficient quality to allow source
localization of the cortical generators. In addition,
our source localization approach provides a combined
EEG/fMRI analysis that does not require any manual
selection of fMRI activations or placement of source
dipoles. The source of the VEP was found to be located
in the occipital cortex. Separate analysis of EEG and
fMRI data demonstrated good spatial overlap of the
observed activated sites. As expected, the combined
EEG/fMRI analysis provided better spatiotemporal
resolution than either approach alone. The resulting
spatiotemporal movie allows for the
millisecond-to-millisecond display of changes in
cortical activity caused by visual stimulation. These
data reveal two peaks in activity corresponding to the
N75 and the P100 components. This type of simultaneous
acquisition and analysis allows for the accurate
characterization of the location and timing of
neurophysiological activity in the human brain.},
authoraddress = {NMR Center, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
giorgio@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
keywords = {Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Computer Graphics ; Data
Display ; Dominance, Cerebral/physiology ;
*Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials,
Visual/*physiology ; Female ; Human ; *Image
Enhancement ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ;
Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Male ; Occipital Lobe/*physiology ; Photic
Stimulation ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S.
Gov't, P.H.S.},
language = {eng},
medline-aid = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0754 [doi] ; S1053811901907542 [pii]},
medline-ci = {Copyright 2001 Academic Press.},
medline-da = {20010515},
medline-dcom = {20010726},
medline-edat = {2001/05/16 10:00},
medline-fau = {Bonmassar, G ; Schwartz, D P ; Liu, A K ; Kwong, K K ;
Dale, A M ; Belliveau, J W},
medline-gr = {P41 RR14075/RR/NCRR ; RO1 NS37462/NS/NINDS},
medline-is = {1053-8119},
medline-jid = {9215515},
medline-lr = {20011119},
medline-mhda = {2001/07/28 10:01},
medline-own = {NLM},
medline-pl = {United States},
medline-pmid = {11352609},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
medline-pt = {Journal Article},
medline-sb = {IM},
medline-so = {NeuroImage 2001 Jun;13(6 Pt 1):1035-43.},
medline-stat = {completed},
year = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{BW97,
author = {Bandettini, P. A. and Wong, E. C.},
title = {A hypercapnia-based normalization method for improved
spatial localization of human brain activation with
f{MRI}.},
journal = {NMR Biomed},
volume = {10},
number = {4-5},
pages = {197-203},
abstract = {An issue in blood oxygenation level dependent
contrast-based functional MRI is the accurate
interpretation of the activation-induced signal
changes. Hemodynamic factors other than
activation-induced changes in blood oxygenation are
known to contribute to the signal change magnitudes and
dynamics, and therefore need to be accounted for or
removed. In this paper, a general method for removal of
effects other than activation-induced blood oxygenation
changes from fMRI brain activation maps by the use of
hypercapnic stress normalization is introduced. First,
the effects of resting blood volume distribution across
voxels on activation-induced BOLD-based fMRI signal
changes are shown to be significant. Second, the