fusionbibs.bib

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@COMMENT{{{The file containts ABBREVIATED versions for abbreviations commonly
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@COMMENT{{{******** Publishers ********}}
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     **** could get put into entries automatically?      ****}}
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@COMMENT{{{The bibliography was collected to contain papers relevant for the
 methods of multimodal brain imaging.  References herein were
 originally used in HHP05.  I hope you find the bibliography
 useful and I would greatly appreciate any comments/suggestions

 -- Yaroslav Halchenko
    yoh(a)onerussian.com

}}
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@ARTICLE{AB02,
  AUTHOR = {Arthurs, O. J. and Boniface, S.},
  TITLE = {How well do we understand the neural origins of the
                   f{MRI} {BOLD} signal?},
  JOURNAL = {Trends Neurosci},
  VOLUME = {25},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {27-31},
  ABSTRACT = {The successful use of functional magnetic resonance
                   imaging (fMRI) as a way of visualizing cortical
                   function depends largely on the important relationships
                   between the signal observed and the underlying neuronal
                   activity that it is believed to represent. Currently, a
                   relatively direct correlation seems to be favoured
                   between fMRI signals and population synaptic activity
                   (including inhibitory and excitatory activity), with a
                   secondary and potentially more variable correlation
                   with cellular action potentials.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge,
                   Box 65, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, CB2 2QQ,
                   Cambridge, UK.},
  KEYWORDS = {Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Cerebral
                   Cortex/*physiology ; Cerebrovascular
                   Circulation/*physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic
                   Potentials/physiology ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance
                   Imaging ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ;
                   Neurons/*physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
                   Synaptic Transmission/*physiology},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S0166223600019950 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20020121},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20020227},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/01/22 10:00},
  MEDLINE-EIN = {Trends Neurosci 2002 Mar;25(3):169},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Arthurs, Owen J ; Boniface, Simon},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0166-2236},
  MEDLINE-JID = {7808616},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20040116},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/02/28 10:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {England},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {11801335},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
  MEDLINE-RF = {36},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Trends Neurosci 2002 Jan;25(1):27-31.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11801335},
  YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{AB03,
  AUTHOR = {Arthurs, O. J. and Boniface, S. J.},
  TITLE = {What aspect of the f{MRI} {BOLD} signal best reflects
                   the underlying electrophysiology in human somatosensory
                   cortex?},
  JOURNAL = {Clin Neurophysiol},
  VOLUME = {114},
  NUMBER = {7},
  PAGES = {1203-1209},
  ABSTRACT = {The interpretation of task-induced functional imaging
                   of the brain is critically dependent on understanding
                   the relationship between observed haemodynamic
                   responses and the underlying neural changes. However,
                   the precise nature of this neurovascular coupling
                   relationship remains unknown. In particular, it is
                   unclear which measure of functional magnetic resonance
                   imaging blood oxygen level dependent (fMRI BOLD)
                   activity is the best correlate of neural activity. We
                   measured the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP)
                   amplitude at the scalp, and fMRI BOLD signal to
                   increases in intensity of contralateral median nerve
                   electrical stimulation in healthy non-anaesthetised
                   subjects. We compared correlation analyses between SEP
                   amplitude and both peak voxel fMRI BOLD percentage
                   signal change and mean voxel fMRI BOLD percentage
                   signal change across a somatosensory cluster, and we
                   also performed a voxel-by-voxel correlation between
                   fMRI BOLD activity and SEP amplitude. We found that
                   fMRI BOLD changes in primary somatosensory cortex
                   correlate significantly with SEP amplitudes, suggesting
                   a linear neurovascular coupling relationship under the
                   conditions investigated. We also found that mean
                   changes across a cluster correlate less well with SEP
                   amplitude than peak voxel levels. This suggests that
                   the area of haemodynamic activity correlating with SEP
                   amplitude is smaller than the entire cluster observed.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge,
                   Box 65, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge,
                   CB2 2QQ, UK.},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Comparative Study ; Electric
                   Stimulation ; Electrophysiology/*methods ; Evoked
                   Potentials, Somatosensory/*physiology ; Female ;
                   Hemodynamic Processes/physiology ; Human ; *Magnetic
                   Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nerve Net/physiology ;
                   Oxygen/metabolism ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ;
                   Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S1388245703000804 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20030704},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030820},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/07/05 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Arthurs, O J ; Boniface, S J},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1388-2457},
  MEDLINE-JID = {100883319},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/08/21 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {Netherlands},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {12842716},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Clin Neurophysiol 2003 Jul;114(7):1203-9.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12842716},
  YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{ABH+04,
  AUTHOR = {Adjamian, P. and Barnes, G. R. and Hillebrand, A. and
                   Holliday, I. E. and Singh, K. D. and Furlong, P. L. and
                   Harrington, E. and Barclay, C. W. and Route, P. J.},
  TITLE = {Co-registration of magnetoencephalography with
                   magnetic resonance imaging using bite-bar-based
                   fiducials and surface-matching},
  JOURNAL = {Clin Neurophysiol},
  VOLUME = {115},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {691-698},
  ABSTRACT = {OBJECTIVE: To introduce a new technique for
                   co-registration of Magnetoencephalography (MEG) with
                   magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We compare the
                   accuracy of a new bite-bar with fixed fiducials to a
                   previous technique whereby fiducial coils were attached
                   proximal to landmarks on the skull. METHODS: A bite-bar
                   with fixed fiducial coils is used to determine the
                   position of the head in the MEG co-ordinate system.
                   Co-registration is performed by a surface-matching
                   technique. The advantage of fixing the coils is that
                   the co-ordinate system is not based upon arbitrary and
                   operator dependent fiducial points that are attached to
                   landmarks (e.g. nasion and the preauricular points),
                   but rather on those that are permanently fixed in
                   relation to the skull. RESULTS: As a consequence of
                   minimizing coil movement during digitization, errors in
                   localization of the coils are significantly reduced, as
                   shown by a randomization test. Displacement of the
                   bite-bar caused by removal and repositioning between
                   MEG recordings is minimal ( approximately 0.5 mm), and
                   dipole localization accuracy of a somatosensory mapping
                   paradigm shows a repeatability of approximately 5 mm.
                   The overall accuracy of the new procedure is greatly
                   improved compared to the previous technique.
                   CONCLUSIONS: The test-retest reliability and accuracy
                   of target localization with the new design is superior
                   to techniques that incorporate anatomical-based
                   fiducial points or coils placed on the circumference of
                   the head.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {The Wellcome Trust Laboratory for MEG Studies,
                   Neurosciences Research Institute, Aston University,
                   Birmingham B4 7ET, UK. adjamiap@aston.ac.uk},
  KEYWORDS = {Brain/anatomy & histology ; Comparative Study ; Data
                   Collection ; Equipment Design ; Head ; Human ; *Image
                   Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Magnetic Resonance
                   Imaging ; *Magnetoencephalography ; Monte Carlo Method
                   ; Posture ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stereotaxic
                   Techniques/*instrumentation/standards},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.clinph.2003.10.023 [doi] ; S1388245703003791
                   [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20040323},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040407},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/03/24 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Adjamian, P ; Barnes, G R ; Hillebrand, A ; Holliday,
                   I E ; Singh, K D ; Furlong, P L ; Harrington, E ;
                   Barclay, C W ; Route, P J G},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1388-2457},
  MEDLINE-JID = {100883319},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/04/08 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Oct/20 [accepted]},
  MEDLINE-PL = {Netherlands},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {15036065},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Clin Neurophysiol 2004 Mar;115(3):691-8.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15036065},
  YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{AI02,
  AUTHOR = {Attwell, D. and Iadecola, C.},
  TITLE = {The neural basis of functional brain imaging signals},
  JOURNAL = {Trends Neurosci},
  VOLUME = {25},
  NUMBER = {12},
  PAGES = {621-625},
  ABSTRACT = {The haemodynamic responses to neural activity that
                   underlie the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal
                   used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of
                   the brain are often assumed to be driven by energy use,
                   particularly in presynaptic terminals or glia. However,
                   recent work has suggested that most brain energy is
                   used to power postsynaptic currents and action
                   potentials rather than presynaptic or glial activity
                   and, furthermore, that haemodynamic responses are
                   driven by neurotransmitter-related signalling and not
                   directly by the local energy needs of the brain. A firm
                   understanding of the BOLD response will require
                   investigation to be focussed on the neural signalling
                   mechanisms controlling blood flow rather than on the
                   locus of energy use.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Dept of Physiology, University College London, Gower
                   Street, UK. d.attwell@ucl.ac.uk},
  KEYWORDS = {Action Potentials/physiology ; Astrocytes/physiology ;
                   Brain/*blood supply/physiology ; Brain Mapping ;
                   Cerebrovascular Circulation/*physiology ; Energy
                   Metabolism/*physiology ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance
                   Imaging ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Presynaptic
                   Terminals/physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
                   Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S0166223602022646 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20021126},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030113},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/11/26 04:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Attwell, David ; Iadecola, Costantino},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0166-2236},
  MEDLINE-JID = {7808616},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/01/14 04:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {England},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {12446129},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
  MEDLINE-RF = {66},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Trends Neurosci 2002 Dec;25(12):621-5.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12446129},
  YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{AJM+04,
  AUTHOR = {Arthurs, O. J. and Johansen-Berg, H. and Matthews, P.
                   M. and Boniface, S. J.},
  TITLE = {Attention differentially modulates the coupling of
                   f{MRI} {BOLD} and evoked potential signal amplitudes in
                   the human somatosensory cortex},
  JOURNAL = {Exp Brain Res},
  VOLUME = {157},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {269-274},
  ABSTRACT = {Blood oxygenation dependent contrast (BOLD) fMRI is
                   used increasingly to probe "connectivity" based on
                   temporal correlations between signals from different
                   brain regions. This approach assumes that there is
                   constant local coupling of neuronal activity to the
                   associated BOLD response. Here we test the alternative
                   hypothesis that there is not a fixed relationship
                   between these by determining whether attention
                   modulates apparent neurovascular coupling. Electrical
                   stimulation of the median nerve was applied with and
                   without a concurrent distractor task (serial
                   subtraction). Increasing stimulation intensity
                   increased discomfort ratings ( p<0.001) and was
                   associated with a significant increase in both
                   somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) N20-P25 amplitude
                   and BOLD fMRI response in the contralateral primary
                   (SI) and bilaterally in the secondary somatosensory
                   cortices. Attention to stimulation was reduced during
                   distractor task performance and resulted in an overall
                   trend for reduction in discomfort ( p=0.056), which was
                   significant at the highest stimulation level ( p<0.05).
                   A volume of interest analysis confined to SI confirmed
                   a reduction in BOLD response with distraction (
                   p<0.001). However, distraction did not measurably
                   affect SEP magnitude. The quantitative relationship
                   between the BOLD fMRI response and the local field
                   potential measured by the early SEP response therefore
                   varies with attentional context. This may be a
                   consequence of differences in either local spatial or
                   temporal signal summation for the two methods. Either
                   interpretation suggests caution in assuming a simple,
                   fixed relationship between local BOLD changes and
                   related electrophysiological activity.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge,
                   Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Box 65, Cambridge,
                   CB2 2QQ, UK.},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {10.1007/s00221-003-1827-4 [doi]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20040714},
  MEDLINE-DEP = {20040619},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/06/29 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Arthurs, O J ; Johansen-Berg, H ; Matthews, P M ;
                   Boniface, S J},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0014-4819},
  MEDLINE-JID = {0043312},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/06/29 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Apr/08 [received] ; 2003/Dec/02 [accepted] ;
                   2004/Jun/19 [aheadofprint]},
  MEDLINE-PL = {Germany},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {15221172},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Exp Brain Res 2004 Aug;157(3):269-74. Epub 2004 Jun
                   19.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {in-process},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15221172},
  YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{AJT00,
  AUTHOR = {Allen, P. J. and Josephs, O. and Turner, R.},
  TITLE = {A method for removing imaging artifact from continuous
                   {EEG} recorded during functional {MRI}},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {12},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {230-239},
  ABSTRACT = {Combined EEG/fMRI recording has been used to localize
                   the generators of EEG events and to identify subject
                   state in cognitive studies and is of increasing
                   interest. However, the large EEG artifacts induced
                   during fMRI have precluded simultaneous EEG and fMRI
                   recording, restricting study design. Removing this
                   artifact is difficult, as it normally exceeds EEG
                   significantly and contains components in the EEG
                   frequency range. We have developed a recording system
                   and an artifact reduction method that reduce this
                   artifact effectively. The recording system has large
                   dynamic range to capture both low-amplitude EEG and
                   large imaging artifact without distortion (resolution 2
                   microV, range 33.3 mV), 5-kHz sampling, and low-pass
                   filtering prior to the main gain stage. Imaging
                   artifact is reduced by subtracting an averaged artifact
                   waveform, followed by adaptive noise cancellation to
                   reduce any residual artifact. This method was validated
                   in recordings from five subjects using periodic and
                   continuous fMRI sequences. Spectral analysis revealed
                   differences of only 10 to 18\% between EEG recorded in
                   the scanner without fMRI and the corrected EEG.
                   Ninety-nine percent of spike waves (median 74 microV)
                   added to the recordings were identified in the
                   corrected EEG compared to 12\% in the uncorrected EEG.
                   The median noise after artifact reduction was 8 microV.
                   All these measures indicate that most of the artifact
                   was removed, with minimal EEG distortion. Using this
                   recording system and artifact reduction method, we have
                   demonstrated that simultaneous EEG/fMRI studies are for
                   the first time possible, extending the scope of
                   EEG/fMRI studies considerably.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, National
                   Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University
                   College London Hospitals, Queen Square, London, WC1N
                   3BG, United Kingdom.},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Algorithms ; *Artifacts ;
                   Electroencephalography/*methods/statistics & numerical
                   data ; Female ; Human ; Image Processing,
                   Computer-Assisted/*methods/statistics & numerical data
                   ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods/statistics &
                   numerical data ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ;
                   Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2000.0599 [doi] ; S1053811900905998 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2000 Academic Press.},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20001011},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20001011},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2000/07/29 11:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Allen, P J ; Josephs, O ; Turner, R},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2000/10/14 11:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {10913328},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2000 Aug;12(2):230-9.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10913328},
  YEAR = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{AMT+03,
  AUTHOR = {Anami, K. and Mori, T. and Tanaka, F. and Kawagoe, Y.
                   and Okamoto, J. and Yarita, M. and Ohnishi, T. and
                   Yumoto, M. and Matsuda, H. and Saitoh, O.},
  TITLE = {Stepping stone sampling for retrieving artifact-free
                   electroencephalogram during functional magnetic
                   resonance imaging},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {19},
  NUMBER = {2.1},
  PAGES = {281-295},
  ABSTRACT = {Ballistocardiogram and imaging artifacts cause major
                   interference with simultaneous electroencephalogram
                   (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
                   recording. In particular, the large amplitude of the
                   imaging artifact precludes easy retrieval of EEG
                   signals during fMRI scanning. Recording with 20,000-Hz
                   digitization rate combined with 3000-Hz low-pass filter
                   revealed the real waveform of the imaging artifact, in
                   which it was elucidated that each artifact peak
                   precisely corresponded to each gradient component and
                   actually had differential waveforms of the original
                   gradient pulses. Based on this finding, to retrieve EEG
                   signal during fMRI acquisition, a blip-type echo planar
                   sequence was modified so that EEG sampling might be
                   performed at every 1000 micros (digitization rate 1000
                   Hz) exclusively in the period in which the artifact
                   resided around the baseline level. This method, called
                   "stepping stone sampling," substantially attenuated the
                   amplitude of the imaging artifact. The remnant of the
                   artifact was subtracted from the averaged artifact
                   waveform. In human studies, alpha activity was
                   successfully retrieved by inspection, and its
                   attenuation/augmentation was observed during eyes
                   open/closed periods. Fast Fourier transform analysis
                   further revealed that even from DC up to 120 Hz,
                   retrieved EEG data during scanning had very similar
                   power distributions to the data retrieved during no
                   scanning, implying the availability of the
                   high-frequency band of the retrieved EEG signals,
                   including even the gamma band.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital for
                   Mental, Nervous, and Muscular Disorders, National
                   Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551,
                   Japan. anami@ncnpmusashi.gr.jp},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Alpha Rhythm ; *Artifacts ;
                   Ballistocardiography/methods ; Brain Mapping/methods ;
                   Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Echo-Planar
                   Imaging/methods ; Electroencephalography/*methods ;
                   Female ; Fourier Analysis ; Human ; Image
                   Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Magnetic
                   Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Phantoms, Imaging ;
                   Reference Values ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S105381190300048X [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20030619},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030826},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/06/20 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Anami, Kimitaka ; Mori, Takeyuki ; Tanaka, Fumiko ;
                   Kawagoe, Yusuke ; Okamoto, Jun ; Yarita, Masaru ;
                   Ohnishi, Takashi ; Yumoto, Masato ; Matsuda, Hiroshi ;
                   Saitoh, Osamu},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/08/27 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {12814579},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 Jun;19(2 Pt 1):281-95.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12814579},
  YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{APS+04,
  AUTHOR = {Angelone, L. M. and Potthast, A. and Segonne, F. and
                   Iwaki, S. and Belliveau, J. W. and Bonmassar, G.},
  TITLE = {Metallic electrodes and leads in simultaneous
                   {EEG}-{MRI}: specific absorption rate ({SAR})
                   simulation studies},
  JOURNAL = {Bioelectromagnetics},
  VOLUME = {25},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {285-295},
  ABSTRACT = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the
                   changes in specific absorption rate (SAR) in human-head
                   tissues while using nonmagnetic metallic
                   electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes and leads
                   during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A realistic,
                   high resolution (1 mm(3)) head model from individual
                   MRI data was adopted to describe accurately thin
                   tissues, such as bone marrow and skin. The RF power
                   dissipated in the human head was evaluated using the
                   FDTD algorithm. Both surface and bird cage coils were
                   used. The following numbers of EEG electrodes/leads
                   were considered: 16, 31, 62, and 124. Simulations were
                   performed at 128 and 300 MHz. The difference in SAR
                   between the electrodes/leads and no-electrodes
                   conditions was greater with the bird cage coil than
                   with the surface coil. The peak 1 g averaged SAR values
                   were highest at 124 electrodes, increasing to as much
                   as two orders of magnitude (x172.3) at 300 MHz compared
                   to the original value. At 300 MHz, there was a fourfold
                   (x3.6) increase of SAR averaged over the bone marrow,
                   and a sevenfold (x7.4) increase in the skin. At 128
                   MHz, there was a fivefold (x5.6) increase of whole head
                   SAR. Head models were obtained from two different
                   subjects, with an inter-subject whole head SAR
                   variability of 3\%. .},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for
                   Functional Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129,
                   USA. angelone@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; *Electrodes ;
                   Electroencephalography/*instrumentation ; Human ;
                   Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*instrumentation ; Male ;
                   Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/bem.10198 [doi]},
  MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20040428},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040903},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/04/29 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Angelone, Leonardo M ; Potthast, Andreas ; Segonne,
                   Florent ; Iwaki, Sunao ; Belliveau, John W ; Bonmassar,
                   Giorgio},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0197-8462},
  MEDLINE-JID = {8008281},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/09/04 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {15114638},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Bioelectromagnetics 2004 May;25(4):285-95.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15114638},
  YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{AS04,
  AUTHOR = {Ahlfors, S. P. and Simpson, G. V.},
  TITLE = {Geometrical interpretation of f{MRI}-guided
                   {MEG}/{EEG} inverse estimates},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {22},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {323-332},
  ABSTRACT = {Magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) and
                   functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provide
                   complementary information about the functional
                   organization of the human brain. An important advantage
                   of MEG/EEG is the millisecond time resolution in
                   detecting electrical activity in the cerebral cortex.
                   The interpretation of MEG/EEG signals, however, is
                   limited by the difficulty of determining the spatial
                   distribution of the neural activity. Functional MRI can
                   help in the MEG/EEG source analysis by suggesting
                   likely locations of activity. We present a geometric
                   interpretation of fMRI-guided inverse solutions in
                   which the MEG/EEG source estimate minimizes a distance
                   to a subspace defined by the fMRI data. In this
                   subspace regularization (SSR) approach, the fMRI bias
                   does not assume preferred amplitudes for MEG/EEG
                   sources, only locations. Characteristic dependence of
                   the source estimates on the regularization parameters
                   is illustrated with simulations. When the fMRI
                   locations match the true MEG/EEG source locations, they
                   serve to bias the underdetermined MEG/EEG inverse
                   solution toward the fMRI loci. Importantly, when the
                   fMRI loci do not match the true MEG/EEG loci, the
                   solution is insensitive to those fMRI loci.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for
                   Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital,
                   Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Mailcode
                   149-2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
                   seppo@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.12.044 [doi] ;
                   S1053811904000199 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20040427},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/04/28 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Ahlfors, Seppo P ; Simpson, Gregory V},
  MEDLINE-GR = {DA 09972/DA/NIDA ; MH/DA 52176/MH/NIMH ; NS
                   27900/NS/NINDS ; P41 RR 14075/RR/NCRR},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/04/28 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Aug/28 [received] ; 2003/Dec/18 [revised] ;
                   2003/Dec/23 [accepted]},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {15110022},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 May;22(1):323-32.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {in-process},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15110022},
  YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{ASD+99,
  AUTHOR = {Ahlfors, S. P. and Simpson, G. V. and Dale, A. M. and
                   Belliveau, J. W. and Liu, A. K. and Korvenoja, A. and
                   Virtanen, J. and Huotilainen, M. and Tootell, R. B. and
                   Aronen, H. J. and Ilmoniemi, R. J.},
  TITLE = {Spatiotemporal activity of a cortical network for
                   processing visual motion revealed by {MEG} and f{MRI}.},
  JOURNAL = {J Neurophysiol},
  VOLUME = {82},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {2545-2555},
  ABSTRACT = {A sudden change in the direction of motion is a
                   particularly salient and relevant feature of visual
                   information. Extensive research has identified cortical
                   areas responsive to visual motion and characterized
                   their sensitivity to different features of motion, such
                   as directional specificity. However, relatively little
                   is known about responses to sudden changes in
                   direction. Electrophysiological data from animals and
                   functional imaging data from humans suggest a number of
                   brain areas responsive to motion, presumably working as
                   a network. Temporal patterns of activity allow the same
                   network to process information in different ways. The
                   present study in humans sought to determine which
                   motion-sensitive areas are involved in processing
                   changes in the direction of motion and to characterize
                   the temporal patterns of processing within this network
                   of brain regions. To accomplish this, we used both
                   magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic
                   resonance imaging (fMRI). The fMRI data were used as
                   supplementary information in the localization of MEG
                   sources. The change in the direction of visual motion
                   was found to activate a number of areas, each
                   displaying a different temporal behavior. The fMRI
                   revealed motion-related activity in areas MT+ (the
                   human homologue of monkey middle temporal area and
                   possibly also other motion sensitive areas next to MT),
                   a region near the posterior end of the superior
                   temporal sulcus (pSTS), V3A, and V1/V2. The MEG data
                   suggested additional frontal sources. An equivalent
                   dipole model for the generators of MEG signals
                   indicated activity in MT+, starting at 130 ms and
                   peaking at 170 ms after the reversal of the direction
                   of motion, and then again at approximately 260 ms.
                   Frontal activity began 0-20 ms later than in MT+, and
                   peaked approximately 180 ms. Both pSTS and FEF+ showed
                   long-duration activity continuing over the latency
                   range of 200-400 ms. MEG responses in the region of V3A
                   and V1/V2 were relatively small, and peaked at longer
                   latencies than the initial peak in MT+. These data
                   revealed characteristic patterns of activity in this
                   cortical network for processing sudden changes in the
                   direction of visual motion.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Dynamic Brain Imaging Laboratory, Departments of
                   Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of
                   Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ;
                   *Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance
                   Imaging/*methods ; Magnetoencephalography/*methods ;
                   Male ; Middle Aged ; Motion Perception/*physiology ;
                   Nerve Net/physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
                   Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-DA = {19991217},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {19991217},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {1999/11/24},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Ahlfors, S P ; Simpson, G V ; Dale, A M ; Belliveau, J
                   W ; Liu, A K ; Korvenoja, A ; Virtanen, J ;
                   Huotilainen, M ; Tootell, R B ; Aronen, H J ;
                   Ilmoniemi, R J},
  MEDLINE-GR = {MH-DA52176/MH/NIMH ; NS27900/NS/NINDS ;
                   NS37462/NS/NINDS},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0022-3077},
  MEDLINE-JID = {0375404},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {1999/11/24 00:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {10561425},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM ; S},
  MEDLINE-SO = {J Neurophysiol 1999 Nov;82(5):2545-55.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10561425},
  YEAR = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{AZD98,
  AUTHOR = {Aguirre, G. K. and Zarahn, E. and D'esposito, M.},
  TITLE = {The variability of human, {BOLD} hemodynamic
                   responses.},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {8},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {360-369},
  ABSTRACT = {Cerebral hemodynamic responses to brief periods of
                   neural activity are delayed and dispersed in time. The
                   specific shape of these responses is of some importance
                   to the design and analysis of blood oxygenation
                   level-dependent (BOLD), functional magnetic resonance
                   imaging (fMRI) experiments. Using fMRI scanning, we
                   examine here the characteristics and variability of
                   hemodynamic responses from the central sulcus in human
                   subjects during an event-related, simple reaction time
                   task. Specifically, we determine the contribution of
                   subject, day, and scanning session (within a day) to
                   variability in the shape of evoked hemodynamic
                   response. We find that while there is significant and
                   substantial variability in the shape of responses
                   collected across subjects, responses collected during
                   multiple scans within a single subject are less
                   variable. The results are discussed in terms of the
                   impact of response variability upon sensitivity and
                   specificity of analyses of event-related fMRI designs.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of
                   Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-4283,
                   USA.},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Cerebrovascular
                   Circulation/*physiology ; Female ; Hemodynamic
                   Processes/*physiology ; Human ; Image Processing,
                   Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
                   ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Oxygen/*blood ;
                   Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S105381199890369X [pii]},
  MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 1998 Academic Press.},
  MEDLINE-DA = {19990112},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {19990112},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/11/13},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Aguirre, G K ; Zarahn, E ; D'esposito, M},
  MEDLINE-GR = {AG13483/AG/NIA ; NS01762/NS/NINDS},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {1998/11/13 00:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {9811554},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 1998 Nov;8(4):360-9.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9811554},
  YEAR = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{BAB+04,
  AUTHOR = {Bagshaw, A. P. and Aghakhani, Y. and Benar, C. G. and
                   Kobayashi, E. and Hawco, C. and Dubeau, F. and Pike, G.
                   B. and Gotman, J.},
  TITLE = {E{EG}-f{MRI} of focal epileptic spikes: analysis with
                   multiple haemodynamic functions and comparison with
                   gadolinium-enhanced {MR} angiograms},
  JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
  VOLUME = {22},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {179-192},
  ABSTRACT = {Combined EEG-fMRI has recently been used to explore
                   the BOLD responses to interictal epileptiform
                   discharges. This study examines whether
                   misspecification of the form of the haemodynamic
                   response function (HRF) results in significant fMRI
                   responses being missed in the statistical analysis.
                   EEG-fMRI data from 31 patients with focal epilepsy were
                   analysed with four HRFs peaking from 3 to 9 sec after
                   each interictal event, in addition to a standard HRF
                   that peaked after 5.4 sec. In four patients, fMRI
                   responses were correlated with gadolinium-enhanced MR
                   angiograms and with EEG data from intracranial
                   electrodes. In an attempt to understand the absence of
                   BOLD responses in a significant group of patients, the
                   degree of signal loss occurring as a result of magnetic
                   field inhomogeneities was compared with the detected
                   fMRI responses in ten patients with temporal lobe
                   spikes. Using multiple HRFs resulted in an increased
                   percentage of data sets with significant fMRI
                   activations, from 45\% when using the standard HRF
                   alone, to 62.5\%. The standard HRF was good at
                   detecting positive BOLD responses, but less appropriate
                   for negative BOLD responses, the majority of which were
                   more accurately modelled by an HRF that peaked later
                   than the standard. Co-registration of statistical maps
                   with gadolinium-enhanced MRIs suggested that the
                   detected fMRI responses were not in general related to
                   large veins. Signal loss in the temporal lobes seemed
                   to be an important factor in 7 of 12 patients who did
                   not show fMRI activations with any of the HRFs.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University,
                   Montreal, Quebec, Canada. bagshaw@mcgill.ca},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/hbm.20024 [doi]},
  MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20040614},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/06/15 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Bagshaw, Andrew P ; Aghakhani, Yahya ; Benar,
                   Christian-G ; Kobayashi, Eliane ; Hawco, Colin ;
                   Dubeau, Francois ; Pike, G Bruce ; Gotman, Jean},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/06/15 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {15195285},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 2004 Jul;22(3):179-92.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {in-process},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15195285},
  YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{BAM+99,
  AUTHOR = {Brooks, D. H. and Ahmad, G. F. and MacLeod, R. S. and
                   Maratos, G. M.},
  TITLE = {Inverse electrocardiography by simultaneous imposition
                   of multiple constraints},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
  VOLUME = {46},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {3-18},
  ABSTRACT = {We describe two new methods for the inverse problem of
                   electrocardiography. Both employ regularization with
                   multiple constraints, rather than the standard
                   single-constraint regularization. In one method,
                   multiple constraints on the spatial behavior of the
                   solution are used simultaneously. In the other, spatial
                   constraints are used simultaneously with constraints on
                   the temporal behavior of the solution. The specific
                   cases of two spatial constraints and one spatial and
                   one temporal constraint are considered in detail. A new
                   method, the L-Surface, is presented to guide the choice
                   of the required pairs of regularization parameters. In
                   the case when both spatial and temporal regularization
                   are used simultaneously, there is an increased
                   computational burden, and two methods are presented to
                   compute solutions efficiently. The methods are verified
                   by simulations using both dipole sources and measured
                   canine epicardial data.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,
                   Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
                   brooks@cdsp.neu.edu},
  KEYWORDS = {Animals ; Dogs ; Electrocardiography/*methods ;
                   Mathematics ; *Models, Cardiovascular ; *Signal
                   Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Support, U.S. Gov't,
                   Non-P.H.S.},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-DA = {19990311},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {19990311},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {1999/01/27},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Brooks, D H ; Ahmad, G F ; MacLeod, R S ; Maratos, G M},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0018-9294},
  MEDLINE-JID = {0012737},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {1999/01/27 00:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {9919821},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1999 Jan;46(1):3-18.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9919821},
  YEAR = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{BB02,
  AUTHOR = {Bodurka, J. and Bandettini, P. A.},
  TITLE = {Toward direct mapping of neuronal activity: {MRI}
                   detection of ultraweak, transient magnetic field
                   changes},
  JOURNAL = {Magn Reson Med},
  VOLUME = {47},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {1052-1058},
  ABSTRACT = {A novel method based on selective detection of rapidly
                   changing DeltaB(0) magnetic fields and suppression of
                   slowly changing DeltaB(0) fields is presented. The
                   ultimate goal of this work is to present a method that
                   may allow detection of transient and subtle changes in
                   B(0) in cortical tissue associated with electrical
                   currents produced by neuronal activity. The method
                   involves the detection of NMR phase changes that occur
                   during a single-shot spin-echo (SE) echo-planar
                   sequence (EPI) echo time. SE EPI effectively rephases
                   all changes in B(0) that occur on a time scale longer
                   than the echo time (TE) and amplifies all DeltaB(0)
                   changes that occur during TE/2. The method was tested
                   on a phantom that contains wires in which current can
                   be modulated. The sensitivity and flexibility of the
                   technique was demonstrated by modulation of the
                   temporal position and duration of the stimuli-evoked
                   transient magnetic field relative to the 180 RF pulse
                   in the imaging sequence-requiring precise stimulus
                   timing. Currently, with this method magnetic field
                   changes as small as 2 x 10(-10) T (200 pT) and lasting
                   for 40 msec can be detected. Implications for direct
                   mapping of brain neuronal activity with MRI are
                   discussed.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {3 Tesla Functional Neuroimaging Facility, National
                   Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
                   20892-1148, USA. jbodurka@codon.nih.gov},
  KEYWORDS = {Brain Mapping/*instrumentation/methods ;
                   Electromagnetic Fields ; Human ; Image Processing,
                   Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
                   ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Phantoms, Imaging},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/mrm.10159 [doi]},
  MEDLINE-CI = {Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20020711},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20021007},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/07/12 10:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Bodurka, Jerzy ; Bandettini, Peter A},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0740-3194},
  MEDLINE-JID = {8505245},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/10/09 04:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {12111950},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Magn Reson Med 2002 Jun;47(6):1052-8.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12111950},
  YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{BBC+02,
  AUTHOR = {Babiloni, F. and Babiloni, C. and Carducci, F. and Del
                   Gratta, C. and Romani, G. L. and Rossini, P. M. and
                   Cincotti, F.},
  TITLE = {Cortical source estimate of combined high resolution
                   {EEG} and f{MRI} data related to voluntary movements},
  JOURNAL = {Methods Inf Med},
  VOLUME = {41},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {443-450},
  ABSTRACT = {OBJECTIVES: In this paper, we employed advanced
                   methods for the modeling of human cortical activity
                   related to voluntary right one-digit movements from
                   combined high-resolution electroencepholography (EEG)
                   and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
                   METHODS: Multimodal integration between EEG and fMRI
                   data was performed by using realistic head models, a
                   large number of scalp electrodes (128) and the
                   estimation of current density strengths by linear
                   inverse estimation. RESULTS: Increasing of spatial
                   details of the estimated cortical density distributions
                   has been detected by using the proposed integration
                   method with respect to the estimation using EEG data
                   alone. CONCLUSION: The proposed method of multimodal
                   EEG-fMRI data is useful to increase spatial resolution
                   of movement-related potentials and can also be applied
                   to other kinds of event-related potentials.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia,
                   Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
                   Fabio.Babiloni@uniroma1.it},
  KEYWORDS = {Brain Mapping/methods ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ;
                   Cortical Synchronization ; Electrodes ;
                   Electroencephalography/*methods ; Human ;
                   Magnetoencephalography/*methods ; Motor
                   Activity/*physiology ; Nerve Net ; Signal Processing,
                   Computer-Assisted ; *Systems Integration},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20021227},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030225},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/12/28 04:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Babiloni, F ; Babiloni, C ; Carducci, F ; Del Gratta,
                   C ; Romani, G L ; Rossini, P M ; Cincotti, F},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0026-1270},
  MEDLINE-JID = {0210453},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/02/26 04:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {Germany},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {12501818},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Methods Inf Med 2002;41(5):443-50.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{BBC+03c,
  AUTHOR = {Babiloni, F. and Babiloni, C. and Carducci, F. and
                   Romani, G. L. and Rossini, P. M. and Angelone, L. M.
                   and Cincotti, F.},
  TITLE = {Multimodal integration of high-resolution {EEG} and
                   functional magnetic resonance imaging data: a
                   simulation study},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {19},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {1-15},
  ABSTRACT = {Previous simulation studies have stressed the
                   importance of the use of fMRI priors in the estimation
                   of cortical current density. However, no systematic
                   variations of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and number of
                   electrodes were explicitly taken into account in the
                   estimation process. In this simulation study we
                   considered the utility of including information as
                   estimated from fMRI. This was done by using as the
                   dependent variable both the correlation coefficient and
                   the relative error between the imposed and the
                   estimated waveforms at the level of cortical region of
                   interests (ROI). A realistic head and cortical surface
                   model was used. Factors used in the simulations were
                   the different values of SNR of the scalp-generated
                   data, the different inverse operators used to estimated
                   the cortical source activity, the strengths of the fMRI
                   priors in the fMRI-based inverse operators, and the
                   number of scalp electrodes used in the analysis.
                   Analysis of variance results suggested that all the
                   considered factors significantly afflict the
                   correlation and the relative error between the
                   estimated and the simulated cortical activity. For the
                   ROIs analyzed with simulated fMRI hot spots, it was
                   observed that the best estimation of cortical source
                   currents was performed with the inverse operators that
                   used fMRI information. When the ROIs analyzed do not
                   present fMRI hot spots, both standard (i.e., minimum
                   norm) and fMRI-based inverse operators returned
                   statistically equivalent correlation and relative error
                   values.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia,
                   Universita di Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
                   Fabio.Babiloni@uniromal.it},
  KEYWORDS = {Analysis of Variance ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral
                   Cortex/*physiology ; *Computer Simulation ;
                   *Electroencephalography ; Electrophysiology ; Human ;
                   *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Models, Neurological},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811903000521 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20030603},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030721},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/06/05 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Babiloni, F ; Babiloni, C ; Carducci, F ; Romani, G L
                   ; Rossini, P M ; Angelone, L M ; Cincotti, F},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/07/23 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {12781723},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 May;19(1):1-15.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{BCB+05,
  AUTHOR = {Babiloni, F. and Cincotti, F. and Babiloni, C. and
                   Carducci, F. and Mattia, D. and Astolfi, L. and
                   Basilisco, A. and Rossini, P.M. and Ding, L. and Ni, Y.
                   and Cheng, J. and Christine, K. and Sweeney, J. and He,
                   B.},
  TITLE = {Estimation of the cortical functional connectivity
                   with the multimodal integration of high-resolution
                   {EEG} and f{MRI} data by directed transfer function.},
  JOURNAL = {Neuroimage},
  VOLUME = {24},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {118-131},
  ABSTRACT = {Nowadays, several types of brain imaging device are
                   available to provide images of the functional activity
                   of the cerebral cortex based on hemodynamic, metabolic,
                   or electromagnetic measurements. However, static images
                   of brain regions activated during particular tasks do
                   not convey the information of how these regions
                   communicate with each other. In this study, advanced
                   methods for the estimation of cortical connectivity
                   from combined high-resolution electroencephalography
                   (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
                   data are presented. These methods include a subject's
                   multicompartment head model (scalp, skull, dura mater,
                   cortex) constructed from individual magnetic resonance
                   images, multidipole source model, and regularized
                   linear inverse source estimates of cortical current
                   density. Determination of the priors in the resolution
                   of the linear inverse problem was performed with the
                   use of information from the hemodynamic responses of
                   the cortical areas as revealed by block-designed
                   (strength of activated voxels) fMRI. We estimate
                   functional cortical connectivity by computing the
                   directed transfer function (DTF) on the estimated
                   cortical current density waveforms in regions of
                   interest (ROIs) on the modeled cortical mantle. The
                   proposed method was able to unveil the direction of the
                   information flow between the cortical regions of
                   interest, as it is directional in nature. Furthermore,
                   this method allows to detect changes in the time course
                   of information flow between cortical regions in
                   different frequency bands. The reliability of these
                   techniques was further demonstrated by elaboration of
                   high-resolution EEG and fMRI signals collected during
                   visually triggered finger movements in four healthy
                   subjects. Connectivity patterns estimated for this task
                   reveal an involvement of right parietal and bilateral
                   premotor and prefrontal cortical areas. This cortical
                   region involvement resembles that revealed in previous
                   studies where visually triggered finger movements were
                   analyzed with the use of separate EEG or fMRI
                   measurements.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology,
                   University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione
                   Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S1053-8119(04)00564-6 [pii] ;
                   10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.036 [doi]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20041213},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/12/14 09:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Babiloni, F ; Cincotti, F ; Babiloni, C ; Carducci, F
                   ; Mattia, D ; Astolfi, L ; Basilisco, A ; Rossini, P M
                   ; Ding, L ; Ni, Y ; Cheng, J ; Christine, K ; Sweeney,
                   J ; He, B},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/12/14 09:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PHST = {2004/03/02 [received] ; 2004/05/17 [revised] ;
                   2004/09/23 [accepted]},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {15588603},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-PUBM = {Print},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Neuroimage 2005 Jan 1;24(1):118-31.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {In-Data-Review},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15588603},
  YEAR = 2005
}
@ARTICLE{BEG+96,
  AUTHOR = {Boynton, G. M. and Engel, S. A. and Glover, G. H. and
                   Heeger, D. J.},
  TITLE = {Linear systems analysis of functional magnetic
                   resonance imaging in human {V}1},
  JOURNAL = {J Neurosci},
  VOLUME = {16},
  NUMBER = {13},
  PAGES = {4207-4221},
  ABSTRACT = {The linear transform model of functional magnetic
                   resonance imaging (fMRI) hypothesizes that fMRI
                   responses are proportional to local average neural
                   activity averaged over a period of time. This work
                   reports results from three empirical tests that support
                   this hypothesis. First, fMRI responses in human primary
                   visual cortex (V1) depend separably on stimulus timing
                   and stimulus contrast. Second, responses to
                   long-duration stimuli can be predicted from responses
                   to shorter duration stimuli. Third, the noise in the
                   fMRI data is independent of stimulus contrast and
                   temporal period. Although these tests can not prove the
                   correctness of the linear transform model, they might
                   have been used to reject the model. Because the linear
                   transform model is consistent with our data, we
                   proceeded to estimate the temporal fMRI
                   impulse-response function and the underlying
                   (presumably neural) contrast-response function of human
                   V1.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Psychology, Stanford University,
                   California 94305, USA.},
  KEYWORDS = {Artifacts ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
                   Models, Neurological ; Noise ; Photic Stimulation ;
                   Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ;
                   Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/*physiology},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-DA = {19961213},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {19961213},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {1996/07/01},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Boynton, G M ; Engel, S A ; Glover, G H ; Heeger, D J},
  MEDLINE-GR = {IEQA455/PHS ; MH50228/MH/NIMH ; P41 RR09784/RR/NCRR},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0270-6474},
  MEDLINE-JID = {8102140},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {1996/07/01 00:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {8753882},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {J Neurosci 1996 Jul 1;16(13):4207-21.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=8753882},
  YEAR = 1996
}
@ARTICLE{BESL-MCKAY92A,
  AUTHOR = {Besl, P. J. and McKay, N. D.},
  TITLE = {A Method for Registration of {3-D} Shapes},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell.},
  YEAR = 1992,
  VOLUME = 14,
  NUMBER = 2,
  KEYWORDS = {ICP},
  MONTH = FEB
}
@ARTICLE{BET+97,
  AUTHOR = {Beisteiner, R. and Erdler, M. and Teichtmeister, C.
                   and Diemling, M. and Moser, E. and Edward, V. and
                   Deecke, L.},
  TITLE = {Magnetoencephalography may help to improve functional
                   {MRI} brain mapping},
  JOURNAL = {Eur J Neurosci},
  VOLUME = {9},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {1072-1077},
  ABSTRACT = {The validity of functional magnetic resonance imaging
                   (FMRI) brain maps with respect to the sites of neuronal
                   activation is still unknown. One source of localization
                   error may be pixels with large signal amplitudes, since
                   such pixels may be expected to overlie large vessels,
                   running remote from the centre of neuronal activation.
                   In this study, magnetoencephalography was used to
                   determine the centre of neuronal activation in a simple
                   finger tapping task. The localization accuracy of
                   conventional FMRI depending on FMRI signal enhancement
                   was investigated relative to the magnetoencephalography
                   reference. The results show a deterioration of FMRI
                   localization with increasing signal amplitude related
                   to increased contributions from large vessels. We
                   conclude that FMRI data analysis should exclude large
                   signal amplitudes and that magnetoencephalography may
                   help to improve FMRI brain mapping results in a
                   multimethod approach.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, University of Vienna,
                   Austria.},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ; Human ;
                   Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ;
                   *Magnetoencephalography ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-DA = {19970721},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {19970721},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/05/01},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Beisteiner, R ; Erdler, M ; Teichtmeister, C ;
                   Diemling, M ; Moser, E ; Edward, V ; Deecke, L},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0953-816X},
  MEDLINE-JID = {8918110},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/05/01 00:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {ENGLAND},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {9182959},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Eur J Neurosci 1997 May;9(5):1072-7.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9182959},
  YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{BF97,
  AUTHOR = {Buxton, R. B. and Frank, L. R.},
  TITLE = {A model for the coupling between cerebral blood flow
                   and oxygen metabolism during neural stimulation},
  JOURNAL = {J Cereb Blood Flow Metab},
  VOLUME = {17},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {64-72},
  ABSTRACT = {A general mathematical model for the delivery of O2 to
                   the brain is presented, based on the assumptions that
                   all of the brain capillaries are perfused at rest and
                   that all of the oxygen extracted from the capillaries
                   is metabolized. The model predicts that
                   disproportionately large changes in blood flow are
                   required in order to support small changes in the O2
                   metabolic rate. Interpreted in terms of this model,
                   previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies of
                   the human brain during neural stimulation demonstrating
                   that cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases much more than
                   the oxygen metabolic rate are consistent with tight
                   coupling of flow and oxidative metabolism. The model
                   provides a basis for the quantitative interpretation of
                   functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in
                   terms of changes in local CBF.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Radiology, University of California at
                   San Diego 92103-8756, USA.},
  KEYWORDS = {Brain/physiology ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ;
                   Human ; *Models, Neurological ; *Oxygen Consumption ;
                   *Regional Blood Flow ; Tomography, Emission-Computed},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-DA = {19970121},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {19970121},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/01/01},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Buxton, R B ; Frank, L R},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0271-678X},
  MEDLINE-JID = {8112566},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/01/01 00:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {8978388},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
  MEDLINE-RF = {53},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1997 Jan;17(1):64-72.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=8978388},
  YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{BNK+95,
  AUTHOR = {Baumann, S. B. and Noll, D. C. and Kondziolka, D. S.
                   and Schneider, W. and Nichols, T. E. and Mintun, M. A.
                   and Lewine, J. D. and Yonas, H. and Orrison, Jr, W. W.
                   and Sclabassi, R. J.},
  TITLE = {Comparison of functional magnetic resonance imaging
                   with positron emission tomography and
                   magnetoencephalography to identify the motor cortex in
                   a patient with an arteriovenous malformation},
  JOURNAL = {J Image Guid Surg},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {191-197},
  ABSTRACT = {Alterations in gyral contour made it difficult to
                   identify the motor cortex thought to be near an
                   arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a 24-year-old man
                   considered for stereotactic radiosurgery. Functional
                   imaging in three modalities was performed
                   preoperatively to compare the reliability of
                   localization using functional magnetic resonance
                   imaging (fMRI) on a conventional scanner with positron
                   emission tomography (PET) and magnetoencephalography
                   (MEG). Similar tasks were used for each imaging
                   modality in an attempt to activate and identify the
                   sensory and motor cortex. Data from all three
                   modalities converged for the sensory task, and fMRI and
                   PET data converged for the motor task. The right
                   hemisphere motor strip was localized adjacent and
                   anterior to the AVM. These data were used in planning
                   the radiosurgery isodose configuration to the AVM in
                   order to reduce the irradiation of motor cortex
                   parenchyma. A postoperative fMRI study was also
                   performed using newer techniques to reduce head motion
                   artifact and to improve signal-to-noise ratio. The data
                   confirmed the conclusions derived from the preoperative
                   evaluations. This study demonstrates how conventional
                   MRI scanners can be used for functional studies of use
                   in surgical planning.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurological Surgery, University of
                   Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
                   sbb@neuronet.pitt.edu},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Comparative Study ; Human ; Intracranial
                   Arteriovenous Malformations/*pathology/radionuclide
                   imaging/surgery ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
                   *Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Motor
                   Cortex/*pathology/radionuclide imaging ; Radiosurgery ;
                   Somatosensory Cortex/pathology/radionuclide imaging ;
                   Stereotaxic Techniques ; *Tomography, Emission-Computed},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-DA = {19970416},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {19970416},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {1995/01/01},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Baumann, S B ; Noll, D C ; Kondziolka, D S ;
                   Schneider, W ; Nichols, T E ; Mintun, M A ; Lewine, J D
                   ; Yonas, H ; Orrison, W W Jr ; Sclabassi, R J},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1078-7844},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9508564},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/03/28 10:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {9079445},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Case Reports ; Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {J Image Guid Surg 1995;1(4):191-7.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9079445},
  YEAR = 1995
}
@ARTICLE{BPJ+02,
  AUTHOR = {Bonmassar, G. and Purdon, P. L. and Jaaskelainen, I.
                   P. and Chiappa, K. and Solo, V. and Brown, E. N. and
                   Belliveau, J. W.},
  TITLE = {Motion and ballistocardiogram artifact removal for
                   interleaved recording of {EEG} and {EP}s during {MRI}},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {16},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {1127-1141},
  ABSTRACT = {Artifacts generated by motion (e.g., ballistocardiac)
                   of the head inside a high magnetic field corrupt
                   recordings of EEG and EPs. This paper introduces a
                   method for motion artifact cancellation. This method is
                   based on adaptive filtering and takes advantage of
                   piezoelectric motion sensor information to estimate the
                   motion artifact noise. This filter estimates the
                   mapping between motion sensor and EEG space,
                   subtracting the motion-related noise from the raw EEG
                   signal. Due to possible subject motion and changes in
                   electrode impedance, a time-varying mapping of the
                   motion versus EEG is required. We show that this filter
                   is capable of removing both ballistocardiogram and
                   gross motion artifacts, restoring EEG alpha waves (8-13
                   Hz), and visual evoked potentials (VEPs). This adaptive
                   filter outperforms the simple band-pass filter for
                   alpha detection because it is also capable of reducing
                   noise within the frequency band of interest. In
                   addition, this filter also removes the transient
                   responses normally visible in the EEG window after echo
                   planar image acquisition, observed during interleaved
                   EEG/fMRI recordings. Our adaptive filter approach can
                   be implemented in real-time to allow for continuous
                   monitoring of EEG and fMRI during clinical and
                   cognitive studies.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {NMR Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard
                   Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
                   giorgio@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Alpha Rhythm ; *Artifacts ;
                   Ballistocardiography ; Brain/*physiology ;
                   *Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials, Visual ;
                   Female ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ;
                   Motion ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't,
                   P.H.S.},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811902911250 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20020830},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20021009},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/08/31 10:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Bonmassar, Giorgio ; Purdon, Patrick L ; Jaaskelainen,
                   Iiro P ; Chiappa, Keith ; Solo, Victor ; Brown, Emery N
                   ; Belliveau, John W},
  MEDLINE-GR = {NIH R01 NS37462/NS/NINDS ; P41 RR14075/RR/NCRR},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20021120},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/10/10 04:00},
  MEDLINE-OT = {Non-programmatic},
  MEDLINE-OTO = {NASA},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {12202099},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM ; S},
  MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2002 Aug;16(4):1127-41.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12202099},
  YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{BRM+01,
  AUTHOR = {Baillet, S. and Riera, J.J. and Marin, G. and Mangin,
                   J.F. and Aubert, J. and Garnero, L.},
  TITLE = {Evaluation of inverse methods and head models for
                   {EEG} source localization using a human skull phantom.},
  JOURNAL = {Phys Med Biol},
  VOLUME = {46},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {77-96},
  ABSTRACT = {We used a real-skull phantom head to investigate the
                   performances of representative methods for EEG source
                   localization when considering various head models. We
                   describe several experiments using a montage with
                   current sources located at multiple positions and
                   orientations inside a human skull filled with a
                   conductive medium. The robustness of selected methods
                   based on distributed source models is evaluated as
                   various solutions to the forward problem (from the
                   sphere to the finite element method) are considered.
                   Experimental results indicate that inverse methods
                   using appropriate cortex-based source models are almost
                   always able to locate the active source with excellent
                   precision, with little or no spurious activity in close
                   or distant regions, even when two sources are
                   simultaneously active. Superior regularization schemes
                   for solving the inverse problem can dramatically help
                   the estimation of sparse and focal active zones,
                   despite significant approximation of the head geometry
                   and the conductivity properties of the head tissues.
                   Realistic head models are necessary, though, to fit the
                   data with a reasonable level of residual variance.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Cognitive Neuroscience and Brain Imaging Laboratory,
                   CNRS UPR640-LENA, H pital de la Salpetriere, Paris,
                   France. sylvain.baillet@chups.jussieu.fr},
  KEYWORDS = {Electroencephalography/*methods ; Head/*radiation
                   effects ; Human ; Models, Theoretical ; Phantoms,
                   Imaging ; Reproducibility of Results ; Skull/*radiation
                   effects ; Time Factors},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20010124},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010329},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/02/24 12:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Baillet, S ; Riera, J J ; Marin, G ; Mangin, J F ;
                   Aubert, J ; Garnero, L},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0031-9155},
  MEDLINE-JID = {0401220},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20030416},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/04/03 10:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {England},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {11197680},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Phys Med Biol 2001 Jan;46(1):77-96.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11197680},
  YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{BSL+01,
  AUTHOR = {Bonmassar, G. and Schwartz, D. P. and Liu, A. K. and
                   Kwong, K. K. and Dale, A. M. and Belliveau, J. W.},
  TITLE = {Spatiotemporal brain imaging of visual-evoked activity
                   using interleaved {EEG} and f{MRI} recordings},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {13},
  NUMBER = {6.1},
  PAGES = {1035-1043},
  ABSTRACT = {Combined analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) and
                   functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the
                   potential to provide higher spatiotemporal resolution
                   than either method alone. In some situations, in which
                   the activity of interest cannot be reliably reproduced
                   (e.g., epilepsy, learning, sleep states), accurate
                   combined analysis requires simultaneous acquisition of
                   EEG and fMRI. Simultaneous measurements ensure that the
                   EEG and fMRI recordings reflect the exact same brain
                   activity state. We took advantage of the spatial
                   filtering properties of the bipolar montage to allow
                   recording of very short (125--250 ms) visual-evoked
                   potentials (VEPs) during fMRI. These EEG and fMRI
                   measurements are of sufficient quality to allow source
                   localization of the cortical generators. In addition,
                   our source localization approach provides a combined
                   EEG/fMRI analysis that does not require any manual
                   selection of fMRI activations or placement of source
                   dipoles. The source of the VEP was found to be located
                   in the occipital cortex. Separate analysis of EEG and
                   fMRI data demonstrated good spatial overlap of the
                   observed activated sites. As expected, the combined
                   EEG/fMRI analysis provided better spatiotemporal
                   resolution than either approach alone. The resulting
                   spatiotemporal movie allows for the
                   millisecond-to-millisecond display of changes in
                   cortical activity caused by visual stimulation. These
                   data reveal two peaks in activity corresponding to the
                   N75 and the P100 components. This type of simultaneous
                   acquisition and analysis allows for the accurate
                   characterization of the location and timing of
                   neurophysiological activity in the human brain.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {NMR Center, Massachusetts General Hospital,
                   Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
                   giorgio@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Computer Graphics ; Data
                   Display ; Dominance, Cerebral/physiology ;
                   *Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials,
                   Visual/*physiology ; Female ; Human ; *Image
                   Enhancement ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ;
                   Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; *Magnetic Resonance
                   Imaging ; Male ; Occipital Lobe/*physiology ; Photic
                   Stimulation ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S.
                   Gov't, P.H.S.},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0754 [doi] ; S1053811901907542 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2001 Academic Press.},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20010515},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010726},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/05/16 10:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Bonmassar, G ; Schwartz, D P ; Liu, A K ; Kwong, K K ;
                   Dale, A M ; Belliveau, J W},
  MEDLINE-GR = {P41 RR14075/RR/NCRR ; RO1 NS37462/NS/NINDS},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20011119},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/07/28 10:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {11352609},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2001 Jun;13(6 Pt 1):1035-43.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{CGS+01,
  AUTHOR = {Cohen, M. S. and Goldman, R. I. and Stern, J. and
                   Engel, Jr., J.},
  TITLE = {Simultaneous {EEG} and f{MRI} made easy},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {13},
  NUMBER = {6 Supp.1},
  MONTH = JAN,
  URL = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(01)91349-7},
  YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{CPM+03,
  AUTHOR = {Ciuciu, P. and Poline, J. B. and Marrelec, G. and
                   Idier, J. and Pallier, C. and Benali, H.},
  TITLE = {Unsupervised robust nonparametric estimation of the
                   hemodynamic response function for any f{MRI} experiment},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans Med Imaging},
  VOLUME = {22},
  NUMBER = {10},
  PAGES = {1235-1251},
  ABSTRACT = {This paper deals with the estimation of the blood
                   oxygen level-dependent response to a stimulus, as
                   measured in functional magnetic resonance imaging
                   (fMRI) data. A precise estimation is essential for a
                   better understanding of cerebral activations. The most
                   recent works have used a nonparametric framework for
                   this estimation, considering each brain region as a
                   system characterized by its impulse response, the
                   so-called hemodynamic response function (HRF). However,
                   the use of these techniques has remained limited since
                   they are not well-adapted to real fMRI data. Here, we
                   develop a threefold extension to previous works. We
                   consider asynchronous event-related paradigms, account
                   for different trial types and integrate several fMRI
                   sessions into the estimation. These generalizations are
                   simultaneously addressed through a badly conditioned
                   observation model. Bayesian formalism is used to model
                   temporal prior information of the underlying
                   physiological process of the brain hemodynamic
                   response. By this way, the HRF estimate results from a
                   tradeoff between information brought by the data and by
                   our prior knowledge. This tradeoff is modeled with
                   hyperparameters that are set to the maximum-likelihood
                   estimate using an expectation conditional maximization
                   algorithm. The proposed unsupervised approach is
                   validated on both synthetic and real fMRI data, the
                   latter originating from a speech perception experiment.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {SHFJ/CEA/INSERM U562, 91401 Orsay, France.
                   ciuciu@shfj.cea.fr},
  KEYWORDS = {*Algorithms ; Brain/*blood supply/*physiology ; Brain
                   Mapping/*methods ; Cerebrovascular
                   Circulation/physiology ; Comparative Study ; Computer
                   Simulation ; Hemodynamic Processes/physiology ; Human ;
                   Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/*methods ;
                   Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods ; Likelihood
                   Functions ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ;
                   *Models, Cardiovascular ; Models, Statistical ;
                   Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and
                   Specificity ; Speech Perception/physiology ; Support,
                   Non-U.S. Gov't},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20031013},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040311},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/10/14 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Ciuciu, Philippe ; Poline, Jean-Baptiste ; Marrelec,
                   Guillaume ; Idier, Jerome ; Pallier, Christophe ;
                   Benali, Habib},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0278-0062},
  MEDLINE-JID = {8310780},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/03/12 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {14552578},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Validation
                   Studies},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2003 Oct;22(10):1235-51.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=14552578},
  YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{Coh97,
  AUTHOR = {Cohen, M. S.},
  TITLE = {Parametric analysis of f{MRI} data using linear
                   systems methods},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {6},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {93-103},
  ABSTRACT = {Using a model of the functional MRI (fMRI) impulse
                   response based on published data, we have demonstrated
                   that the form of the fMRI response to stimuli of freely
                   varied timing can be modeled well by convolution of the
                   impulse response with the behavioral stimulus. The
                   amplitudes of the responses as a function of
                   parametrically varied behavioral conditions are fitted
                   well using a piecewise linear approximation. Use of the
                   combined model, in conjunction with correlation
                   analysis, results in an increase in sensitivity for the
                   MRI study. This approach, based on the well-established
                   methods of linear systems analysis, also allows a
                   quantitative comparison of the response amplitudes
                   across subjects to a broad range of behavioral
                   conditions. Fit parameters, derived from the amplitude
                   data, are relatively insensitive to a variety of
                   MRI-related artifacts and yield results that are
                   compared readily across subjects.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {UCLA Division of Brain Mapping, RNRC 3256, 710
                   Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain
                   Mapping ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology ;
                   Human ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance
                   Imaging/*statistics & numerical data ; Photic
                   Stimulation ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811997902780 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 1997 Academic Press.},
  MEDLINE-DA = {19971119},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {19971119},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/09/23},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Cohen, M S},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/09/23 00:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {9299383},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 1997 Aug;6(2):93-103.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9299383},
  YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{DDA+03,
  AUTHOR = {Devor, A. and Dunn, A. K. and Andermann, M. L. and
                   Ulbert, I. and Boas, D. A. and Dale, A. M.},
  TITLE = {Coupling of total hemoglobin concentration,
                   oxygenation, and neural activity in rat somatosensory
                   cortex},
  JOURNAL = {Neuron},
  VOLUME = {39},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {353-359},
  ABSTRACT = {Recent advances in brain imaging techniques, including
                   functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), offer
                   great promise for noninvasive mapping of brain
                   function. However, the indirect nature of the imaging
                   signals to the underlying neural activity limits the
                   interpretation of the resulting maps. The present
                   report represents the first systematic study with
                   sufficient statistical power to quantitatively
                   characterize the relationship between changes in blood
                   oxygen content and the neural spiking and synaptic
                   activity. Using two-dimensional optical measurements of
                   hemodynamic signals, simultaneous recordings of neural
                   activity, and an event-related stimulus paradigm, we
                   demonstrate that (1) there is a strongly nonlinear
                   relationship between electrophysiological measures of
                   neuronal activity and the hemodynamic response, (2) the
                   hemodynamic response continues to grow beyond the
                   saturation of electrical activity, and (3) the initial
                   increase in deoxyhemoglobin that precedes an increase
                   in blood volume is counterbalanced by an equal initial
                   decrease in oxyhemoglobin.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Massachusetts General Hospital NMR Center, Harvard
                   Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
                   adevor@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
  KEYWORDS = {Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Comparative Study ; Computer
                   Simulation ; Demography ; Electric Stimulation ;
                   Electrophysiology/methods ; Evoked Potentials,
                   Somatosensory/physiology ; Hemodynamic
                   Processes/physiology ; Hemoglobins/*metabolism ;
                   Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ;
                   Neurons/*physiology ; Nonlinear Dynamics ;
                   Oxygen/*metabolism ; Rats ; Somatosensory Cortex/blood
                   supply/cytology/*metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis/methods
                   ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
                   ; Time Factors},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S0896627303004033 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20030722},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030818},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/07/23 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Devor, Anna ; Dunn, Andrew K ; Andermann, Mark L ;
                   Ulbert, Istvan ; Boas, David A ; Dale, Anders M},
  MEDLINE-GR = {P41 RR14075/RR/NCRR ; R01 EB00790-01A2/EB/NIBIB ; R01
                   NS044623/NS/NINDS ; R01 RR13609/RR/NCRR},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0896-6273},
  MEDLINE-JID = {8809320},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/08/19 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {12873390},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-RN = {0 (Hemoglobins) ; 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) ; 9008-02-0
                   (deoxyhemoglobin)},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Neuron 2003 Jul 17;39(2):353-9.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{DF03,
  AUTHOR = {Dechent, P. and Frahm, J.},
  TITLE = {Functional somatotopy of finger representations in
                   human primary motor cortex},
  JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {272-283},
  ABSTRACT = {To assess the degree of fine-scale somatotopy within
                   the hand area of the human primary motor cortex (M1),
                   functional mapping of individual movements of all
                   fingers was performed in healthy young subjects (n = 7)
                   using MRI at 0.8 x 0.8 mm2 resolution and 4 mm section
                   thickness. The experimental design comprised both a
                   direct paradigm contrasting single digit movements vs.
                   motor rest and multiple differential paradigms
                   contrasting single digit movements vs. the movement of
                   another digit. Direct mapping resulted in largely
                   overlapping activations. A somatotopic arrangement was
                   only recognizable when considering the mean
                   center-of-mass coordinates of individual digit
                   representations averaged across subjects. In contrast,
                   differential paradigms revealed more segregated and
                   somatotopically ordered activations in single subjects.
                   The use of center-of-mass coordinates yielded
                   inter-digit distances ranging from 2.0 to 16.8 mm,
                   which reached statistical significance for pairs of
                   more distant digits. For the middle fingers, the
                   functional somatotopy obtained by differential mapping
                   was dependent on the choice of the digit used for
                   control. These results confirm previous concepts that
                   finger somatotopy in the human M1 hand area emerges as
                   a functional predominance of individual digit
                   representations sharing common areas in a distributed
                   though ordered network.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH am
                   Max-Planck-Institut fur biophysikalische Chemie,
                   Gottingen, Germany. pdechen@gwdg.de},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain Mapping/*methods
                   ; Female ; Fingers/*physiology ; Human ; Least-Squares
                   Analysis ; Male ; Motor Cortex/*physiology},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/hbm.10084 [doi]},
  MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20030312},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030530},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/03/13 04:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Dechent, Peter ; Frahm, Jens},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/05/31 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {12632465},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 2003 Apr;18(4):272-83.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12632465},
  YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{DFS99,
  AUTHOR = {Dale, A. M. and Fischl, B. and Sereno, M. I.},
  TITLE = {Cortical surface-based analysis. {I}. {S}egmentation
                   and surface reconstruction},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {9},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {179-194},
  ABSTRACT = {Several properties of the cerebral cortex, including
                   its columnar and laminar organization, as well as the
                   topographic organization of cortical areas, can only be
                   properly understood in the context of the intrinsic
                   two-dimensional structure of the cortical surface. In
                   order to study such cortical properties in humans, it
                   is necessary to obtain an accurate and explicit
                   representation of the cortical surface in individual
                   subjects. Here we describe a set of automated
                   procedures for obtaining accurate reconstructions of
                   the cortical surface, which have been applied to data
                   from more than 100 subjects, requiring little or no
                   manual intervention. Automated routines for unfolding
                   and flattening the cortical surface are described in a
                   companion paper. These procedures allow for the routine
                   use of cortical surface-based analysis and
                   visualization methods in functional brain imaging.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Massachusetts General Hosp/Harvard Medical School,
                   Building 149, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, USA.
                   dale@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
  KEYWORDS = {Brain Mapping/instrumentation ; Cerebral
                   Cortex/*anatomy & histology ; Human ; Image
                   Processing, Computer-Assisted/*instrumentation ;
                   Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*instrumentation ; Reference
                   Values ; Software},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811998903950 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 1999 Academic Press.},
  MEDLINE-DA = {19990318},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {19990318},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {1999/02/05},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Dale, A M ; Fischl, B ; Sereno, M I},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {1999/02/05 00:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {9931268},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 1999 Feb;9(2):179-94.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9931268},
  YEAR = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{DH01,
  AUTHOR = {Dale, A. M. and Halgren, E.},
  TITLE = {Spatiotemporal mapping of brain activity by
                   integration of multiple imaging modalities},
  JOURNAL = {Curr Opin Neurobiol},
  VOLUME = {11},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {202-208},
  ABSTRACT = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and
                   positron emission tomography measure local changes in
                   brain hemodynamics induced by cognitive or perceptual
                   tasks. These measures have a uniformly high spatial
                   resolution of millimeters or less, but poor temporal
                   resolution (about 1s). Conversely,
                   electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography
                   (MEG) measure instantaneously the current flows induced
                   by synaptic activity, but the accurate localization of
                   these current flows based on EEG and MEG data alone
                   remains an unsolved problem. Recently, techniques have
                   been developed that, in the context of brain anatomy
                   visualized with structural MRI, use both hemodynamic
                   and electromagnetic measures to arrive at estimates of
                   brain activation with high spatial and temporal
                   resolution. These methods range from simple
                   juxtaposition to simultaneous integrated techniques.
                   Their application has already led to advances in our
                   understanding of the neural bases of perception,
                   attention, memory and language. Further advances in
                   multi-modality integration will require an improved
                   understanding of the coupling between the physiological
                   phenomena underlying the different signal modalities.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Massachusetts General Hospital Nuclear Magnetic
                   Resonance Center, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA
                   02129, USA.},
  KEYWORDS = {Animals ; Brain Mapping/*methods ;
                   Electroencephalography/methods ; Human ; Magnetic
                   Resonance Imaging/methods ;
                   Magnetoencephalography/methods ; Perception/physiology
                   ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods ; Support,
                   Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; *Systems
                   Integration ; Tomography, Emission-Computed/methods},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S0959438800001975 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20010413},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010628},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/04/13 10:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Dale, A M ; Halgren, E},
  MEDLINE-GR = {P41-RR14075/RR/NCRR ; R01-NS18741/NS/NINDS ;
                   R01-NS39581/NS/NINDS ; R01-RR13609/RR/NCRR},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0959-4388},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9111376},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/06/29 10:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {England},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {11301240},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review Literature},
  MEDLINE-RF = {81},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Curr Opin Neurobiol 2001 Apr;11(2):202-8.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{DM04,
  AUTHOR = {Delorme, A. and Makeig, S.},
  TITLE = {E{EGLAB}: an open source toolbox for analysis of
                   single-trial {EEG} dynamics including independent
                   component analysis},
  JOURNAL = {J Neurosci Methods},
  VOLUME = {134},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {9-21},
  ABSTRACT = {We have developed a toolbox and graphic user
                   interface, EEGLAB, running under the crossplatform
                   MATLAB environment (The Mathworks, Inc.) for processing
                   collections of single-trial and/or averaged EEG data of
                   any number of channels. Available functions include EEG
                   data, channel and event information importing, data
                   visualization (scrolling, scalp map and dipole model
                   plotting, plus multi-trial ERP-image plots),
                   preprocessing (including artifact rejection, filtering,
                   epoch selection, and averaging), independent component
                   analysis (ICA) and time/frequency decompositions
                   including channel and component cross-coherence
                   supported by bootstrap statistical methods based on
                   data resampling. EEGLAB functions are organized into
                   three layers. Top-layer functions allow users to
                   interact with the data through the graphic interface
                   without needing to use MATLAB syntax. Menu options
                   allow users to tune the behavior of EEGLAB to available
                   memory. Middle-layer functions allow users to customize
                   data processing using command history and interactive
                   'pop' functions. Experienced MATLAB users can use
                   EEGLAB data structures and stand-alone signal
                   processing functions to write custom and/or batch
                   analysis scripts. Extensive function help and tutorial
                   information are included. A 'plug-in' facility allows
                   easy incorporation of new EEG modules into the main
                   menu. EEGLAB is freely available
                   (http://www.sccn.ucsd.edu/eeglab/) under the GNU public
                   license for noncommercial use and open source
                   development, together with sample data, user tutorial
                   and extensive documentation.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience,
                   Institute for Neural Computation, University of
                   California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0961, USA.
                   arno@sccn.ucsd.edu},
  KEYWORDS = {*Computer Simulation/trends ;
                   Electroencephalography/*methods ; Evoked
                   Potentials/*physiology ; *Software/trends ; Support,
                   Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009 [doi] ;
                   S0165027003003479 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20040422},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040525},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/04/23 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Delorme, Arnaud ; Makeig, Scott},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0165-0270},
  MEDLINE-JID = {7905558},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/05/27 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Jun/17 [received] ; 2003/Sep/22 [revised] ;
                   2003/Oct/16 [accepted]},
  MEDLINE-PL = {Netherlands},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {15102499},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {J Neurosci Methods 2004 Mar 15;134(1):9-21.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15102499},
  YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{FBW98,
  AUTHOR = {Frank, L. R. and Buxton, R. B. and Wong, E. C.},
  TITLE = {Probabilistic analysis of functional magnetic
                   resonance imaging data.},
  JOURNAL = {Magn Reson Med},
  VOLUME = {39},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {132-148},
  ABSTRACT = {Probability theory is applied to the analysis of fMRI
                   data. The posterior distribution of the parameters is
                   shown to incorporate all the information available from
                   the data, the hypotheses, and the prior information.
                   Under appropriate simplifying conditions, the theory
                   reduces to the standard statistical test, including the
                   general linear model. The theory is particularly suited
                   to handle the spatial variations in the noise present
                   in fMRI, allowing the comparison of activated voxels
                   that have different, and unknown, noise. The theory
                   also explicitly includes prior information, which is
                   shown to be critical in the attainment of reliable
                   activation maps.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Radiology, University of California at
                   San Diego, USA.},
  KEYWORDS = {Human ; Image Enhancement ; Likelihood Functions ;
                   Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Models,
                   Statistical ; *Probability Theory ; Sensitivity and
                   Specificity ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ;
                   Statistics},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-CIN = {Magn Reson Med. 1999 Jun;41(6):1279-80. PMID: 10371464},
  MEDLINE-DA = {19980303},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {19980303},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/01/23},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Frank, L R ; Buxton, R B ; Wong, E C},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0740-3194},
  MEDLINE-JID = {8505245},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20011126},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {1998/01/23 00:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {9438447},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
  MEDLINE-RF = {35},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Magn Reson Med 1998 Jan;39(1):132-48.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9438447},
  YEAR = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{FFJ+98,
  AUTHOR = {Friston, K. J. and Fletcher, P. and Josephs, O. and
                   Holmes, A. and Rugg, M. D. and Turner, R.},
  TITLE = {Event-related f{MRI}: characterizing differential
                   responses.},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {7},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {30-40},
  ABSTRACT = {We present an approach to characterizing the
                   differences among event-related hemodynamic responses
                   in functional magnetic resonance imaging that are
                   evoked by different sorts of stimuli. This approach is
                   predicated on a linear convolution model and standard
                   inferential statistics as employed by statistical
                   parametric mapping. In particular we model evoked
                   responses, and their differences, in terms of basis
                   functions of the peri-stimulus time. This facilitates a
                   characterization of the temporal response profiles that
                   has a high effective temporal resolution relative to
                   the repetition time. To demonstrate the technique we
                   examined differential responses to visually presented
                   words that had been seen prior to scanning or that were
                   novel. The form of these differences involved both the
                   magnitude and the latency of the response components.
                   In this paper we focus on bilateral ventrolateral
                   prefrontal responses that show deactivations for
                   previously seen words and activations for novel words.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {The Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology,
                   Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.},
  KEYWORDS = {Evoked Potentials/*physiology ; Frontal
                   Lobe/*physiology ; Hemodynamic Processes/*physiology ;
                   Human ; Linear Models ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
                   Memory/*physiology ; Models, Theoretical ; Reaction
                   Time ; Reference Values ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811997903062 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {19980317},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {19980317},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/03/17},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Friston, K J ; Fletcher, P ; Josephs, O ; Holmes, A ;
                   Rugg, M D ; Turner, R},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {1998/03/17 00:01},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {9500830},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 1998 Jan;7(1):30-40.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9500830},
  YEAR = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{FG03,
  AUTHOR = {Formisano, E. and Goebel, R.},
  TITLE = {Tracking cognitive processes with functional {MRI}
                   mental chronometry},
  JOURNAL = {Curr Opin Neurobiol},
  VOLUME = {13},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {174-181},
  ABSTRACT = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used
                   widely to determine the spatial layout of brain
                   activation associated with specific cognitive tasks at
                   a spatial scale of millimeters. Recent methodological
                   improvements have made it possible to determine the
                   latency and temporal structure of the activation at a
                   temporal scale of few hundreds of milliseconds. Despite
                   the sluggishness of the hemodynamic response, fMRI can
                   detect a cascade of neural activations - the signature
                   of a sequence of cognitive processes. Decomposing the
                   processing into stages is greatly aided by measuring
                   intermediate responses. By combining event-related fMRI
                   and behavioral measurement in experiment and analysis,
                   trial-by-trial temporal links can be established
                   between cognition and its neural substrate.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of
                   Psychology, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200
                   MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
                   e.formisano@psychology.unimass.nl},
  KEYWORDS = {Brain/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ;
                   Cognition/*physiology ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance
                   Imaging/methods},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S0959438803000448 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20030514},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030708},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/05/15 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Formisano, Elia ; Goebel, Rainer},
  MEDLINE-IS = {0959-4388},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9111376},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/07/09 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {England},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {12744970},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
  MEDLINE-RF = {58},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {Curr Opin Neurobiol 2003 Apr;13(2):174-81.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12744970},
  YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{FMJ03,
  AUTHOR = {Foxe, J. J. and McCourt, M. E. and Javitt, D. C.},
  TITLE = {Right hemisphere control of visuospatial attention:
                   line-bisection judgments evaluated with high-density
                   electrical mapping and source analysis},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {19},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {710-726},
  ABSTRACT = {The "line-bisection" task has proven an especially
                   useful clinical tool for assessment of spatial neglect
                   syndrome in neurological patients. Here, we
                   investigated the neural processes involved in
                   performing this task by recording high-density
                   event-related potentials from 128 scalp electrodes in
                   normal observers. We characterized a robust net
                   negative potential from 170-400 ms poststimulus
                   presentation that correlates with line-bisection
                   judgments. Topographic mapping shows three distinct
                   phases to this negativity. The first phase
                   (approximately 170-190 ms) has a scalp distribution
                   exclusively over the right parieto-occipital and
                   lateral occipital scalp, consistent with generators in
                   the region of the right temporo-parietal junction and
                   right lateral occipital cortices. The second phase
                   (approximately 190-240 ms) sees the emergence of a
                   second negative focus over the right central parietal
                   scalp, consistent with subsequent involvement of right
                   superior parietal cortices. In the third phase
                   (approximately 240-400 ms), the topography becomes
                   dominated by this right central parietal negativity.
                   Inverse source modeling confirmed that right hemisphere
                   lateral occipital, inferior parietal, and superior
                   parietal regions were the likeliest generators of the
                   bulk of the activity associated with this effect. The
                   line stimuli were also presented at three contrast
                   levels (3, 25, and 100\%) in order to manipulate both
                   the latency of stimulus processing and the relative
                   contributions from magnocellular and parvocellular
                   inputs. Through this manipulation, we show that the
                   line-bisection effect systematically tracks/follows the
                   latency of the N1 component, which is considered a
                   temporal marker for object processing in the ventral
                   visual stream. This pattern of effects suggests that
                   this task invokes an allocentric (object-based) form of
                   visuospatial attention. Further, at 3\% contrast, the
                   line-bisection effect was equivalent to the effects
                   seen at higher contrast levels, suggesting that
                   parvocellular inputs are not necessary for successful
                   performance of this task.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Nathan S.
                   Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Program in
                   Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, 140 Old
                   Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
                   foxe@nki.rfmh.org},
  KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Algorithms ; Attention/*physiology ; *Brain
                   Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ;
                   Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials,
                   Visual/physiology ; Female ; Human ; Image Processing,
                   Computer-Assisted ; Laterality/*physiology ; Male ;
                   Middle Aged ; Photic Stimulation ; Psychometrics ;
                   Space Perception/*physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
                   ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811903000570 [pii]},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20030725},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030909},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/07/26 05:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Foxe, John J ; McCourt, Mark E ; Javitt, Daniel C},
  MEDLINE-GR = {EY12267/EY/NEI ; MH49334/MH/NIMH ; MH63434/MH/NIMH},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
  MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/09/10 05:00},
  MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
  MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
  MEDLINE-PMID = {12880801},
  MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
  MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
  MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
  MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 Jul;19(3):710-26.},
  MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
  URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12880801},
  YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{FMT+00,
  AUTHOR = {Friston, K. J. and Mechelli, A. and Turner, R. and
                   Price, C. J.},
  TITLE = {Nonlinear responses in f{MRI}: the {B}alloon model,
                   {V}olterra kernels, and other hemodynamics},
  JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
  VOLUME = {12},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {466-477},
  ABSTRACT = {There is a growing appreciation of the importance of
                   nonlinearities in evoked responses in fMRI,
                   particularly with the advent of event-related fMRI.
                   These nonlinearities are commonly expressed as
                   interactions among stimuli that can lead to the
                   suppression and increased latency of responses to a
                   stimulus that are incurred by a preceding stimulus. We
                   have presented previously a model-free characterization
                   of these effects using generic techniques from
                   nonlinear system identification, namely a Volterra
                   series formulation. At the same time Buxton et al.
                   (1998) described a plausible and compelling dynamical
                   model of hemodynamic signal transduction in fMRI.
                   Subsequent work by Mandeville et al. (1999) provided
                   important theoretical and empirical constraints on the
                   form of the dynamic relationship between blood flow and
                   volume that underpins the evolution of the fMRI signal.
                   In this paper we combine these system identification
                   and model-based approaches and ask whether the Balloon
                   model is sufficient to account for the nonlinear
                   behaviors observed in real time series. We conclude
                   that it can, and furthermore the model parameters that
                   ensue are biologically plausible. This conclusion is
                   based on the observation that the Balloon model can
                   produce Volterra kernels that emulate empirical
                   kernels. To enable this evaluation we had to embed the
                   Balloon model in a hemodynamic input-state-output model
                   that included the dynamics of perfusion changes that
                   are contingent on underlying synaptic activation. This
                   paper presents (i) the full hemodynamic model (ii), how
                   its associated Volterra kernels can be derived, and
                   (iii) addresses the model's validity in relation to
                   empirical nonlinear characterizations of evoked
                   responses in fMRI and other neurophysiological
                   constraints.},
  AUTHORADDRESS = {The Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology,
                   Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG,
                   United Kingdom.},
  KEYWORDS = {Brain/*physiology ; Cerebrovascular
                   Circulation/*physiology ; Hemodynamic
                   Processes/physiology ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
                   *Models, Cardiovascular ; *Models, Neurological ;
                   *Nonlinear Dynamics ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
  LANGUAGE = {eng},
  MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2000.0630 [doi] ; S105381190090630X [pii]},
  MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2000 Academic Press.},
  MEDLINE-DA = {20001023},
  MEDLINE-DCOM = {20001101},
  MEDLINE-EDAT = {2000/09/16 11:00},
  MEDLINE-FAU = {Friston, K J ; Mechelli, A ; Turner, R ; Price, C J},
  MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
  MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
  MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
  M